Iyo Hagia Sophia muIstanbul: Inyanzvi yezvivakwa uye nhoroondo
Hagia Sophia, anozivikanwawo seAyasofya, ndechimwe chezvivakwa zvinokatyamadza uye zvakakosha muIstanbul uye chiratidzo chenhoroondo yeByzantine neOttoman. Ichi chivakwa chehunyanzvi chinokwezva mamirioni evashanyi vanobva kumativi ese epasi gore rega rega.
Historical background
- Pakutanga chechi: Hagia Sophia yakavakwa sechechi yechiKristu muzana remakore rechitanhatu mukutonga kwaMambo weByzantium Justinian I uye ndiyo yaiva chechi huru muchiKristudhomu kweinenge mireniyumu.
- Kutendeuka kuita mosque: Mushure mekukunda kweOttoman kweConstantinople muna 1453, yakashandurwa kuita mosque, ine zviratidzo zvakawanda zvechiKristu zvakatsiviwa neIslam.
- Nhasi chinzvimbo se museum: Muna 1935, Hagia Sophia akashandurwa kuita museum pamirairo yaMustafa Kemal Ataturk, muvambi weTurkey yemazuva ano. Muna 2020 yakashandurwa kuita mosque zvakare, asi inoramba yakavhurika kune vashanyi.
Architectural features
- Inoshamisa dome: Iyo yepakati dome yeHagia Sophia ndechimwe chezvishamiso zvikuru zvezvivakwa zvekare uye yaive yakakura kwazvo pasirese kwemazana emakore.
- Mosaics uye mabasa ounyanzvi: Mukati, Byzantine mosaics uye Islamic calligraphy zvinogara pamwe uye inoratidza yakasarudzika nhoroondo yechivakwa.
- Architectural pesvedzero: Hagia Sophia akapesvedzera mamwe akawanda mamosque nemakereke munyika dzese dzechiIslam neChristian uye anoonekwa semumwe wemienzaniso mikuru yezvivakwa zveByzantine.
Kukosha kwetsika nechitendero
- Chiratidzo chekubatana: Hagia Sophia inofananidzira kubatana pakati peChristian Byzantium neIslamic Ottoman Empire uye inomiririra nhoroondo yakapfuma uye yakaoma yeIstanbul.
- Kukwezva kwevashanyi: Seimwe yenzvimbo dzeIstanbul dzinoshanyirwa zvakanyanya uye dzakatorwa mifananidzo, inokwezva vashanyi vanokoshesa kukosha kwayo kwenhoroondo uye pamweya.
Visitor Information
- accessibility: Hagia Sophia yakavhurika kune vashanyi, kunyangwe dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogona kuvharwa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvechitendero pane dzimwe nguva.
- nzvimbo: Inowanikwa munharaunda yeSultanahmet yenhoroondo, inowanikwa nyore nezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji kana kufamba chinhambwe kubva kune zvimwe zvinokwezva munharaunda.
Hagia Sophia haingori hunyanzvi hwekuvaka, asiwo humbowo hupenyu hwenhoroondo yakapfuma yeIstanbul. Inosanganisa hunyanzvi, tsika uye chinamato chehumambo huviri hukuru muchimiro chayo uye nhoroondo uye inoramba iri chikamu chakakosha chetsika yeguta.
Zvinofadza chokwadi nezveHagia Sophia muIstanbul
Inyanzvi yezvivakwa uye chiratidzo chenhoroondo yeIstanbul, Hagia Sophia izere nenyaya dzinonakidza uye maficha. Hezvino zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinosimbisa kusaenzana kwechimiro ichi:
- Makore anopfuura 1500 apfuura: Yepakutanga Hagia Sophia yakavakwa kumashure muna 360 AD, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yezvivakwa zvekare zvakamira pasi rose.
- Chitupa chitupa: Hagia Sophia akatanga kushanda sechechi, akazoshandurwa kuita musikiti uye akazopedzisira aita museum. Muna 2020 yakave mosque inoshanda zvakare.
- Architectural innovation: Hagia Sophia ndiyo yaive cathedral hombe pasi rose payakapedzwa muna 537 AD uye yakaramba yakadaro kwemakore anoda kusvika chiuru. Dome rayo rakakura raive manzwiro ekuvaka uye rakapesvedzera zvivakwa zvakawanda zvakatevera.
- Kudengenyeka kwenyika uye kuvaka patsva: Chimiro chepakutanga chakakuvadzwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika uye chakavakwazve kakawanda, nguva pfupi yapfuura muzana remakore rechitanhatu pasi paMambo Justinian I.
- Byzantine mosaics: Mukati meHagia Sophia mune mimwe yemienzaniso inonyanya kukosha yemifananidzo yeByzantine mosaic, inoratidza mifananidzo yekutenda kwechiKristu.
- Zvinhu zvechiIslam: Mushure mekukundwa kweConstantinople, zvinhu zvechiIslam zvakawedzerwa, kusanganisira minarets, mihrab, uye calligraphy panels.
- Acoustics uye chiedza chinotamba: Hagia Sophia anozivikanwa neayo akasarudzika acoustics uye mitambo yechiedza yakagadzirwa nemahwindo makumi mana mudome.
- Zvakavanzika zvakavanzika: Chivako ichi chine akawanda akavanzika makona uye zvakavanzika, zvinosanganisira makuva, makamuri epasi pevhu uye zvisaririra zvakarasika.
- Chiratidzo che fusion: Hagia Sophia inomira sechiratidzo chekusanganiswa kwetsika dzechiKristu nedzechiIslam pamwe nenhoroondo yakapfuma yeIstanbul.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: Sechikamu chenzvimbo yenhoroondo ye Istanbul Hagia Sophia chikamu cheUNESCO World Heritage Site.
Iyo Hagia Sophia haingori chishamiso chekuvaka asiwo chiratidzo chenhoroondo yakaoma yeIstanbul uye kusiyana kwetsika uye inoramba iri imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzeguta.
Nhoroondo yeHagia Sophia muIstanbul
Nguva yeRoma
- Mavambo muByzantium: Nhoroondo yeIstanbul inotanga nekuvambwa kweByzantium nevaGiriki vanogara muzana ramakore rechinomwe BC. Guta racho rakazova chikamu cheUmambo hweRoma.
- constantinople: Muna 330 AD, guta racho rakavakwazve se“Roma Itsva” naMambo Constantine Mukuru rikanzi Constantinople, richiva guta guru reHumambo hweRoma.
Byzantine nguva
- Guta guru reEastern Roman Empire: Mushure mekuparadzaniswa kweHumambo hweRoma, Constantinople yakava guta guru reEastern Roman kana Byzantine Empire.
- zvinoreva zvechitendero: Constantinople yakava musimboti wechiKristu cheOrthodox uye yaive imba yezvivakwa zvechechi zvakakosha, kusanganisira Hagia Sophia.
- Bloom nematambudziko: Nguva yeByzantine yaizivikanwa nekubudirira kwetsika, asiwo kukakavara kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kurwiswa kwekunze, senge panguva yeHondo.
Nguva yeOttoman
- Ottoman kukunda: Muna 1453, Sultan Mehmed II akakunda Constantinople, iyo yakaratidza kuguma kweByzantine Empire. Guta rakazonzi Istanbul uye rakava guta guru reOttoman Empire.
- Architectural development: Pasi pekutonga kweOttoman, mamosque mazhinji, dzimba dzehumambo uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvakavakwa izvo zvaitonga guta, kusanganisira Blue Mosque neTopkapi Palace.
- Kusiyana kwetsika nezvitendero: Humambo hweOttoman hwaizivikanwa nekushivirira kwechitendero netsika. Istanbul yakava muzinda wepasi rose umo madzinza nezvitendero zvakasiyana zvakagara pamwe chete.
Turkish Republic
- Kuvambwa kweRepublic: Mushure mekuputsika kweHumambo hweOttoman uye Hondo yeTurkey yeKuzvimirira, Turkey Republic yakavambwa muna 1923 pasi peMustafa Kemal Atatürk.
- Kutamiswa kweguta guru: Atatürk akatamisa guta guru kubva kuIstanbul kuenda Ankara, kugadzira guta razvino uye riri pakati nepakati.
- Modernization uye tsika nhaka: Munguva yeRepublic, Istanbul yakaona mapurojekiti akakosha echizvino-zvino ichichengetedza hupfumi hwayo hwenhoroondo netsika.
- Zvanhasi zvazvinoreva: Nhasi Istanbul ndiro guta guru reTurkey uye inzvimbo yakakosha yetsika, yehupfumi uye yevashanyi, inoratidza nhoroondo yayo refu uye yakasiyana.
Hagia Sophia mari yekupinda, matikiti uye kushanya
Mari yekupinda
- Kupinda pachena: Semusikiti unoshanda, kupinda kuHagia Sophia kune mahara kune vese vashanyi. Hapana mari yekupinda.
Tickets
- Hapana matikiti anodiwa: Sezvo pasina mari yekupinda, hapana matikiti anodiwa kuti apinde Hagia Sophia.
Nzendo dzinotungamirirwa
- Kushanya kwepachivande uye kweboka: Kunyangwe kupinda kuri mahara, vashanyi vanogona kubhuka mafambiro anotungamirwa kuti vadzidze zvakawanda nezve nhoroondo uye kukosha kwaHagia Sophia. Vafambisi vakasiyana-siyana vanopa nzendo dzinotungamirirwa, dzinowanzowanikwa mumitauro yakasiyana.
- Combo Tours: Kune zvakare combo kushanya kunosanganisira Hagia Sophia pamwe nezvimwe zvinokwezva zveIstanbul zvakaita seTopkapi Palace uye Blue Mosque.
Kushanyira mazano
- okutanga nguva: Hagia Sophia yakavhurika kune vashanyi kunze kwenguva dzemunamato. Zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa nguva dzazvino dzekuvhura, kunyanya panguva yezororo rechitendero uye zviitiko.
- Kodhi yekupfeka: Sezvo Hagia Sophia ari mosque inoshanda, vashanyi vanofanirwa kuona yakakodzera kodhi yedhirezi. Vakadzi vanofanira kuvhara vhudzi uye varume nevakadzi vanofanira kuvhara mafudzi nemabvi avo.
- Maitiro ekuremekedza: Vashanyi vanofanirwa kunyarara uye neruremekedzo panguva dzemunamato uye kutevedzera mirairo yevashandi.
Iye zvino musikiti unoshanda, Hagia Sophia inopa chiitiko chisingakanganwike seimwe yenzvimbo dzeIstanbul dzakanyanya nhoroondo uye dzinoshamisa. Kupinda kwemahara kunobvumira munhu wese kuona ichi chinoshamisa chimiro, nepo kushanya kunotungamirwa kunopa imwe nzwisiso munhoroondo yayo yakapfuma.
Zvinokwezva munharaunda
Kune akawanda anonakidza kuona uye nhoroondo nzvimbo dzekuongorora dzakatenderedza Hagia Sophia muIstanbul. Hezvino zvimwe zvacho:
- Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque): Iri pakatarisana neHagia Sophia, iyi mosque inokatyamadza ine mataira ebhuruu inyanzvi yekuvaka.
- Topkapi Palace: Iyo yaimbova chigaro cheOttoman Sultans imusha kune inonakidza muunganidzwa wepfuma uye nhoroondo dzakagadzirwa.
- Basilica Cistern: Iri tangi repasi pevhu chimiro chinonakidza kubva panguva yeByzantine uye inopa mamiriro ekunze akasiyana.
- Gulhane Park: Paki yakasvibirira pakati peguta, yakanakira kufamba kwekuzorora kana pikiniki.
- Istanbul Archaeological Museum: Pano iwe unogona kuongorora muunganidzwa unonakidza wezvigadzirwa zvekare uye hupfumi hwenhoroondo kubva mudunhu.
- Hippodrome yeConstantinople: Iyi sikweya yenhoroondo yaimbova musimboti weupenyu hweByzantine uye ndimo mune matombo ekare nematombo ezviyeuchidzo.
- Little Hagia Sophia (Küçük Ayasofya Camii): Chinhu chisinganyanyozivikanwa asi chichiri chinonakidza chekuvaka gem.
- Turkish uye Islamic Art Museum: Pano iwe unowana muunganidzwa wakasiyana-siyana weIslam art uye tsika.
- Grand Bazaar: Imwe yemisika yekare uye yakakura yakavharwa pasirese, yakanakira kutenga zviyeuchidzo, zvinonhuhwirira uye nezvimwe.
- Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque: Imwe musikiti wakanaka weOttoman padyo neHagia Sophia.
Izvi zvinokwezva zvinopa huwandu hwakasiyana hwetsika uye nhoroondo zviitiko uye zvese zviri pedyo neHagia Sophia muIstanbul. Unogona kuiongorora zviri nyore netsoka uye unoona nhoroondo yeguta rakapfuma uye tsika.
Kusvika kuHagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia, imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha dzeIstanbul, iri munharaunda yenhoroondo yeSultanahmet uye inowanikwa nyore nyore nenzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa.
Nekutakura kweruzhinji
- chitima: Iyo T1 tram mutsetse ndiyo imwe yedzakanyanya nyore nzira dzekusvika kuHagia Sophia. Buruka pa "Sultanahmet" kumira. Kubva ipapo ingori chinhambwe chipfupi kuenda kuHagia Sophia.
- Metro: Chiteshi che metro chiri padyo "Sultanahmet" pamutsetse weM1. Mushure mekubva pachiteshi, Hagia Sophia anogona kusvikwa netsoka mumaminetsi mashoma.
Netaxi
- tekisi: Mateksi anowanikwa kwese kwese muIstanbul uye anogona kukuendesa akananga kuHagia Sophia. Ita shuwa kuti mutyairi wetekisi anobatidza taximeter.
Netsoka
- Stroll: Kana iwe uri kugara pedyo neSultanahmet kana kuti watove munzvimbo ino ine nhoroondo, unogona kufamba nyore kuenda kuHagia Sophia. Nzvimbo iyi ine hushamwari hwevanofamba netsoka uye inopa zvakawanda zvinokwezva munzira.
Ne bhasikoro
- bhasikoro: Kwemadaro mapfupi kana kana uri padyo, kufamba nebhasikoro kunogona kuita sarudzo yakanaka.
Nekambani yakazvimirira yekushanya
- Nzendo dzinotungamirirwa: Makambani mazhinji ekufambisa muIstanbul anopa mafambiro anotungamirwa, anowanzo sanganisira Hagia Sophia. Iyi sarudzo yakanaka kana iwe usingade kunetseka nezvekuronga rwendo rwako.
Mazano ekusvika ikoko
- Kuda zvifambiso zveveruzhinji: Nekuda kwekuremerwa kwemotokari muIstanbul, zvinowanzoita zvakanyanya kushandisa zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji.
- istanbul kadhi: Istanbulkart, tikiti rechargeable chekufambisa neveruzhinji, inogona kuve inodhura-inoshanda uye iri nyore sarudzo.
- kuronga kufamba: Funga nezvenguva dzemotokari dzepamusoro kudzivirira kunonoka.
Hagia Sophia iri nyore kusvika nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yepakati muSultanahmet uye yakanaka yekufambisa zvinongedzo. Zvingave nezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, netsoka kana netekisi, kushanya kune ichi chishamiso chekuvaka uye chenhoroondo chinhu chinodiwa kune wese mushanyi kuIstanbul.
Mhedziso paHagia Sophia
Iyo Hagia Sophia muIstanbul inomira seyakakura hunyanzvi hwezvivakwa uye chiratidzo chezvikamu zvenhoroondo zvakaumba guta mumazana emakore. Yakatanga kuvakwa sebasilica, ndokuzoshandurwa kuita mosque uye pakupedzisira yakazivisa museum isati yadzokera kuzoshandisa semosque, Hagia Sophia inoratidza kwakasiyana tsika nechitendero pesvedzero inoungana muIstanbul. Dome rayo rinokatyamadza uye rakashongedzwa mosaics zvipupuriro zveByzantine engineering nehunyanzvi. Hagia Sophia haisi chishamiso chekuvaka chete, asiwo inzvimbo yekunyarara uye yekufungisisa mukati mehupenyu hweguta hwakabatikana. Inokwezva vashanyi vanobva kumativi ese enyika uye inopa nzwisiso yakadzama yenguva dzakaoma dzenhoroondo dzakaumba guta. Hagia Sophia anoramba ari mucherechedzo unokosha weIstanbul uye chiratidzo chipenyu chenhoroondo yeguta.
Address: Hagia Sophia, Ayasofya Camii, Sultan Ahmet, Ayasofya Meydanı No:1, 34122 Fatih/İstanbul, Turkey
