ʻO ka Hagia Sophia ma Istanbul: He hana nui o ka hoʻolālā a me ka mōʻaukala
ʻO Hagia Sophia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Ayasofya, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hale nani a koʻikoʻi ma Istanbul a he hōʻailona o ka mōʻaukala Byzantine a me Ottoman. Hoʻokipa kēia mea hana kiʻi kiʻi i nā miliona o nā malihini mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Kūlana mōʻaukala
- He hale pule mua: Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Hagia Sophia ma ke ʻano he basilica Kalikiano i ke kenekulia 6 ma lalo o ka Emepera Byzantine ʻo Justinian I a ʻo ia ka hale pule nui loa ma Christendom no kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi millennium.
- ʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻana i hale pule: Ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o Ottoman iā Constantinople i ka makahiki 1453, ua hoʻololi ʻia i hale pule, me nā hōʻailona Karistiano he nui i pani ʻia e nā Islam.
- ʻO ke kūlana o kēia lā he hale hōʻikeʻike: Ma 1935, ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Hagia Sophia i hale hōʻikeʻike ma ke kauoha a Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i Turkey hou. I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻololi hou ʻia i hale pule, akā ua wehe ʻia i nā malihini.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā
- Dome kupanaha: ʻO ka dome waena o Hagia Sophia kekahi o nā mea kupanaha loa o ka hoʻolālā kahiko a ʻo ia ka mea nui loa ma ka honua no nā kenekulia.
- Mosaics a me nā hana noʻeau: Ma loko, noho pū nā mosaics Byzantine a me ka calligraphy Islamic a hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala kūʻokoʻa o ka hale.
- Hoʻoikaika hoʻolālā: Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Hagia Sophia i nā hale pule a me nā hale pule ʻē aʻe ma ka honua Islam a me Kalikiano a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa o ka hoʻolālā Byzantine.
Kūlana moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻomana
- Hoailona o ka lokahi: Hōʻike ka Hagia Sophia i ka pilina ma waena o ka Christian Byzantium a me ka Islamic Ottoman Empire a hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala waiwai a paʻakikī o Istanbul.
- Hoihoi makaikai: ʻOiai kekahi o nā mākaʻikaʻi kiʻi kiʻi ʻia o Istanbul, ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i nā malihini e mahalo i kona ʻano mōʻaukala a me ka ʻuhane.
ʻIke malihini
- hiki ke komo: Ua wehe ʻia ʻo Hagia Sophia i nā malihini, ʻoiai ua pani ʻia kekahi mau wahi no nā hana hoʻomana i kekahi mau manawa.
- Lage: Aia i loko o ka mokuʻo Sultanahmet mōʻaukala, hiki ke maʻalahi e ka halihali lehulehu a i ʻole ka hele wāwae ʻana mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ia wahi.
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Hagia Sophia he mea hana kiʻi kiʻi, akā he hōʻike ola nō hoʻi i ka mōʻaukala waiwai o Istanbul. Hoʻohui ia i ka hana noʻeau, ka moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻomana o ʻelua mau aupuni nui i loko o kona ʻano a me ka mōʻaukala a noho mau i kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu o ke kūlanakauhale.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi e pili ana iā Hagia Sophia ma Istanbul
ʻO kahi hana nui o ka hoʻolālā a me kahi hōʻailona mōʻaukala o Istanbul, ua piha ʻo Hagia Sophia i nā moʻolelo hoihoi a me nā hiʻohiʻona. Eia kekahi mau ʻike hoihoi e hōʻike ana i ka ʻokoʻa o kēia hale.
- ʻOi aku ma mua o 1500 mau makahiki: Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Hagia Sophia mua i ka makahiki 360 AD, a lilo ia i kekahi o nā hale kū kahiko loa ma ka honua.
- ʻIke hiki ke hoʻololi: Ua lawelawe mua ʻo Hagia Sophia ma ke ʻano he halepule, a ma hope ua hoʻololi ʻia i hale pule a lilo i hale hōʻikeʻike. I ka makahiki 2020 ua lilo hou ia i hale pule ikaika.
- Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā: ʻO Hagia Sophia ka halepule nui loa ma ka honua i ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia ai i ka makahiki 537 AD a ua noho ʻo ia no kahi kokoke i 1000 mau makahiki. ʻO kona dome nui he manaʻo hoʻolālā a hoʻoikaika i nā hale he nui ma hope.
- Nā ōlaʻi a me ke kūkulu hou ʻana: Ua poino ka hale mua e na olai a ua kukulu hou ia i na manawa he nui, i keia mau la i ke kenekulia 6 malalo o Emperor Justinian I.
- Nā mosaics Byzantine: Aia i loko o ka Hagia Sophia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi loa o nā kiʻi mosaic Byzantine, e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona mai ka manaʻo Karistiano.
- Nā mea hoʻomana Islam: Ma hope o ka hoʻopio ʻana iā Constantinople, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea Islam, me nā minarets, kahi mihrab, a me nā paneli calligraphy.
- Acoustics a me nā pāʻani māmā: Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Hagia Sophia no kāna mau leo ʻokoʻa a me nā pāʻani o ka mālamalama i hana ʻia e nā puka makani 40 i ka dome.
- Huna huna: Aia i loko o ka hale nā kihi huna a me nā mea huna, me nā hale kupapaʻu, nā keʻena lalo a me nā relics nalowale.
- Hōʻailona o ka hui ʻana: Ke kū nei ʻo Hagia Sophia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka hui ʻana o nā moʻomeheu Karistiano a me Islam a me ka mōʻaukala waiwai o Istanbul.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: Ma ke ano o ka wahi moolelo o Kou ʻO Hagia Sophia kekahi o ka UNESCO World Heritage Site.
ʻO ka Hagia Sophia ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha hoʻolālā wale nō akā he hōʻike hoʻi i ka mōʻaukala paʻakikī o Istanbul a me nā ʻano moʻomeheu like ʻole a noho mau ʻia kekahi o nā ʻāina koʻikoʻi o ke kūlanakauhale.
Moolelo o Hagia Sophia ma Istanbul
wā Roma
- ʻO ke kumu ma Byzantium: Hoʻomaka ka mōʻaukala o Istanbul me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Byzantium e nā poʻe Helene i ka 7th century BC. Ua lilo ke kūlanakauhale i ʻāpana o ke aupuni Roma.
- continople: I ka makahiki 330 AD, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ma ke ʻano he "Roma Hou" e Emperor Constantine the Great a ua kapa hou ʻia ʻo Constantinople, a lilo i kapikala o ke aupuni Roma.
Ka wā Byzantine
- Ke kapikala o ke aupuni Roma Hikina: Ma hope o ka māhele ʻana o ke aupuni Roma, ua lilo ʻo Constantinople i poʻokela o ke aupuni Roma Hikina a i ʻole Byzantine Empire.
- manaʻo hoʻomana: Ua lilo ʻo Constantinople i ke kikowaena o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano Orthodox a he home ia no nā hale pule koʻikoʻi, me Hagia Sophia.
- Mohala a me nā pilikia: Ua ʻike ʻia ka wā Byzantine e ka pōmaikaʻi moʻomeheu, akā ʻo nā hakakā politika a me nā hoʻouka kaua waho, e like me ka wā o ka Crusades.
wā Ottoman
- Na'i 'Ottoman: Ma 1453, ua lanakila ʻo Sultan Mehmed II iā Constantinople, kahi i hōʻailona ai i ka hopena o ke aupuni Byzantine. Ua kapa hou ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Istanbul a lilo i kapikala o ka ʻOttoman Empire.
- Hoʻomohala hale: Ma lalo o ka mana o Ottoman, ua kūkulu ʻia nā hale pule he nui, nā hale aliʻi a me nā hale ʻē aʻe i hoʻomalu i ke kūlanakauhale, me ka Blue Mosque a me Topkapi Palace.
- Ka ʻokoʻa moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻomana: Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻOttoman Empire no kona ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻomana a me ka moʻomeheu. Ua lilo ʻo Istanbul i kikowaena cosmopolitan kahi i noho pū ai nā lāhui like ʻole a me nā hoʻomana.
Lepupalika Tureke
- Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Repubalika: Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke Aupuni Ottoman a me ke Kaua Kūʻokoʻa Turkish, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Repubalika Turkish ma 1923 ma lalo o Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
- Ka neʻe ʻana o ke kapikala: Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻo Atatürk i ke kapikala mai Istanbul i Ankara, e hana i ke kapikala hou a me ke kikowaena.
- ʻO ka hana hou a me ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu: I ka wā o ka Repubalika, ua ʻike ʻo Istanbul i nā hana hoʻonaʻauao koʻikoʻi i ka wā e mālama ana i kāna hoʻoilina mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu.
- ʻO ke ʻano o kēia lā: I kēia lā ʻo Istanbul ke kūlanakauhale nui loa o Turkey a he kikowaena moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi, hoʻokele waiwai a me nā mākaʻikaʻi, e hōʻike ana i kona mōʻaukala lōʻihi a like ʻole.
ʻO nā uku komo ʻo Hagia Sophia, nā tiketi a me nā huakaʻi
Uku komo
- Komo noa: Ma ke ʻano he mosque ikaika, manuahi ke komo ʻana i Hagia Sophia no nā malihini a pau. ʻAʻohe uku komo.
Hoppe
- ʻAʻole pono nā tikiki: No ka mea ʻaʻohe uku komo, ʻaʻole koi ʻia nā tiketi e komo i Hagia Sophia.
Nā huakaʻi alakaʻi
- Nā huakaʻi pilikino a hui pū: ʻOiai he manuahi ke komo ʻana, hiki i nā malihini ke puke i nā huakaʻi alakaʻi e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala a me ke koʻikoʻi o Hagia Sophia. Hāʻawi nā mea hana huakaʻi like ʻole i nā huakaʻi alakaʻi, loaʻa pinepine i nā ʻōlelo like ʻole.
- Nā huakaʻi hui: Aia kekahi mau huakaʻi hui pū me Hagia Sophia a me nā mea hoʻokipa ʻē aʻe ʻo Istanbul e like me Topkapi Palace a me ka Blue Mosque.
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kipa
- wehe manawa: Wehe ʻia ʻo Hagia Sophia i nā malihini ma waho o nā manawa pule. Manaʻo ʻia e nānā i nā manawa wehe o kēia manawa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā lā hoʻomana a me nā hanana.
- Kāhea lole: No ka mea he moske ikaika o Hagia Sophia, pono e malama na malihini i ke kapa lole kupono. Pono nā wahine e uhi i ko lākou lauoho a ʻo nā kāne a me nā wahine e uhi i ko lākou poʻohiwi a me nā kuli.
- ʻAno mahalo: Pono nā malihini e noho mālie a mahalo i ka wā pule a hahai i nā kuhikuhi a nā limahana.
I kēia manawa he mosque ikaika, hāʻawi ʻo Hagia Sophia i kahi ʻike poina ʻole ʻo ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o Istanbul. ʻO ke komo manuahi e hiki ai i nā mea a pau ke ʻike i kēia ʻano hana kupaianaha, ʻoiai nā huakaʻi alakaʻi e hāʻawi i nā ʻike hou aku i kona mōʻaukala waiwai.
Nā mea hoʻokipa ma ia wahi
Nui nā wahi hoihoi a me nā wahi mōʻaukala e makaʻala a puni ʻo Hagia Sophia ma Istanbul. Eia kekahi o lākou:
- Polu Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque): Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o Hagia Sophia, ʻo kēia hale kiʻi polū polū he mea hana hoʻolālā.
- Halealii Topkapi: ʻO ka noho mua o nā ʻOttoman Sultans kahi home o kahi hōʻiliʻili hoihoi o nā waiwai a me nā mea kiʻi mōʻaukala.
- ʻO ka lua wai Basilica: ʻO kēia lua wai lalo he hale hoihoi mai ka wā Byzantine a hāʻawi i kahi lewa kūʻokoʻa.
- Pāka Gulhane: ʻO kahi paka'ōmaʻomaʻo ma waenakonu o ke kūlanakauhale, kūpono no ka hele hoʻomaha a iʻole ka pīniki.
- Hale Hōʻikeʻike Archaeological Istanbul: Ma ʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i kahi hōʻiliʻili hoihoi o nā mea hana kahiko a me nā waiwai mōʻaukala mai ka ʻāina.
- Hippodrome o Constantinople: ʻO kēia ʻāpana mōʻaukala ke kikowaena o ke ola Byzantine a he home ia no nā obelisk a me nā monuments kahiko.
- Little Hagia Sophia (Küçük Ayasofya Camii): ʻO kahi pōhaku i ʻike nui ʻia akā hoʻohiwahiwa mau.
- Turkish and Islamic Art Museum: Ma ʻaneʻi ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi hōʻiliʻili like ʻole o ka hana a me ka moʻomeheu Islam.
- Hale Bazaar Nui: ʻO kekahi o nā mākeke uhi kahiko a nui loa ma ka honua, kūpono no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā souvenir, nā mea ʻala a me nā mea hou aku.
- Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque: ʻO kekahi hale pule Ottoman nani ma kahi o Hagia Sophia.
Hāʻawi kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i kahi ākea o nā ʻike moʻomeheu a me nā mōʻaukala a aia nā mea āpau kokoke i Hagia Sophia ma Istanbul. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi maʻalahi ma ka wāwae a ʻike i ka mōʻaukala waiwai a me ka moʻomeheu o ke kūlanakauhale.
Hiki i Hagia Sophia
Aia ʻo Hagia Sophia, kekahi o nā mākaʻikaʻi koʻikoʻi o Istanbul, aia ma ka moku Sultanahmet mōʻaukala a hiki ke maʻalahi i nā ala kaʻa.
Me ka halihali lehulehu
- kaʻa kaʻa: ʻO ka laina kaʻaahi T1 kekahi o nā ala kūpono loa e hiki ai iā Hagia Sophia. E haʻalele ma ke kahua "Sultanahmet". Mai laila mai he wahi hele pōkole wale nō a hiki i Hagia Sophia.
- Metro: ʻO ke kikowaena metro kokoke loa ʻo "Sultanahmet" ma ka laina M1. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kahua, hiki ke hele wāwae ʻo Hagia Sophia i loko o nā minuke wale nō.
Me ka taxi
- kaʻa'ōhua: Loaʻa nā kaʻa kaʻa i nā wahi āpau ma Istanbul a hiki ke lawe pololei iā ʻoe i Hagia Sophia. E hōʻoia i ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka mea hoʻokele kaʻa i ka mīkini kaʻa.
Ma ka wāwae
- Kaʻahele: Inā ʻoe e noho kokoke ana iā Sultanahmet a i ʻole ma kēia wahi mōʻaukala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele maʻalahi i Hagia Sophia. He ʻoluʻolu ka poʻe hele wāwae a hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻokipa he nui ma ke ala.
Ma ka uila
- Bike: No nā mamao pōkole a i ʻole ʻoe e kokoke ana, hiki i ka hele ʻana ma ke kaʻa kaʻa he koho ʻoluʻolu.
Me kahi hui huakaʻi pilikino
- Nā huakaʻi alakaʻi: Nui nā hui huakaʻi ma Istanbul e hāʻawi i nā huakaʻi alakaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Hagia Sophia. He kūpono kēia koho inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e hopohopo e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kāu huakaʻi.
Manaʻo kōkua no ka hele ʻana i laila
- Makemake i ka halihali lehulehu: Ma muli o ke kaʻa nui ma Istanbul, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka halihali lehulehu.
- ʻO Istanbulkart: ʻO kahi Istanbulkart, kahi tiketi kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa lehulehu, hiki ke lilo i koho kūpono a kūpono hoʻi.
- hoʻolālā huakaʻi: E noʻonoʻo i nā manawa kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻa e pale aku i ka lohi.
He mea maʻalahi ke kiʻi aku iā Hagia Sophia i kona wahi kikowaena ma Sultanahmet a me nā loulou kaʻa maikaʻi. Inā ma nā kaʻa lehulehu, ma ka wāwae a ma ke kaʻa kaʻa paha, pono ke kipa ʻana i kēia hale kūkulu hale a me ka mōʻaukala no kēlā me kēia malihini kipa i Istanbul.
Ka hopena ma Hagia Sophia
ʻO ka Hagia Sophia ma Istanbul ke kū nei ma ke ʻano he mea nui o ka hoʻolālā a me kahi hōʻailona o nā papa o ka mōʻaukala i hoʻokumu i ke kūlanakauhale i nā kenekulia. Kūkulu ʻia ma ke ʻano he basilica, a laila hoʻololi ʻia i hale pule a hōʻike hope ʻia he hale hōʻikeʻike ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana e hoʻohana ma ke ʻano he hale pule, hōʻike ʻo Hagia Sophia i nā ʻano moʻomeheu like ʻole a me ka hoʻomana e hui pū ana ma Istanbul. ʻO kāna dome kupaianaha a me nā mosaics kikoʻī he mau hōʻike i ka ʻenekinia Byzantine a me ka hana kiʻi. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Hagia Sophia he mea kupanaha hale, akā he wahi noho mālie a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i waena o ke ola o ke kūlanakauhale. Hoʻokipa ia i nā malihini mai ka honua holoʻokoʻa a hāʻawi i kahi ʻike hohonu i nā wā mōʻaukala paʻakikī i hoʻokumu i ke kūlanakauhale. Noho ʻo Hagia Sophia i kahi ʻāina nui ʻo Istanbul a me kahi hōʻike ola i ka mōʻaukala waiwai o ke kūlanakauhale.
wahi kūkahi: Hagia Sophia, Ayasofya Camii, Sultan Ahmet, Ayasofya Meydanı No:1, 34122 Fatih/Istanbul, Tureke
