Hondo dzine simba dzakaumba nhoroondo yevanhu uye dzakatidzidzisa zvidzidzo zvinokosha zvakawanda pamusoro pehushingi, ushingi uye mutengo werugare. Imwe hondo yakadaro yaiva Hondo yeGallipoli (Gelibolu) mune zvino yava Turkey munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Hondo yeGallipoli ikozvino chikamu chakakosha chenhoroondo yeTurkey uye inzvimbo yakakurumbira yekuenda kune nhoroondo buffs nevatsvaki vekushanya.
Hondo yeGallipoli yakaitika muna 1915 sechikamu chechisimba chakakura kuwana kutonga kweDardanelles neBlack Sea. Pasinei nekuedza kweAllied kutanga kurwisa kusingatarisirwi, vakakundikana kukunda mauto eTurkey uye pakupedzisira vakamanikidzwa kudzokera shure. Hondo iyi yakatora rinenge gore uye yakauraya varwi vanopfuura 100.000 XNUMX kumativi ose.
Nhasi, Hondo yeGallipoli chiratidzo cherugare uye inotiyeuchidza nezvevarwi vakawanda vakapa hupenyu hwavo vachidzivirira nyika yavo. Kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekushanyira muTurkey dzinokupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezviitiko uye kukanganisa kwehondo. Hezvino zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukwezva:
- Monument: Iyo Ataturk Monument inorangarira mukuru weTurkey mutungamiri Mustafa Kemal Ataturk uyo akarwa mumushandirapamwe weGallipoli uye akaita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira nyika. Iri munzvimbo inoyevedza ine maonero anoyevedza egungwa.
- Anzac Cove: Yakakurumbira nhoroondo yenzvimbo uye mahombekombe pakasvika mauto eAnzac muna 1915. The Anzac Cove Memorial ndechimwe chezviyeuchidzo zvakakurumbira zvepeninsula uye inorangarira varwi veAnzac vakarwa pano. Iri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa apo maAnzacs akamhara muna 1915.
- Canakkale Martyrs Memorial (Çanakkale Şehittleri Anıtı): Chiyeuchidzo chikuru chekurangarira mauto eTurkey akafa muHondo yeGallipoli. Iyo Canakkale Martyrs Monument chiyeuchidzo chikuru chakatsaurirwa kumauto eTurkey akafa muHondo yeGallipoli. Inogara pachikomo chiri pamusoro pemugero weDardanelles uye inopa maonero anokatyamadza emaruwa akapoteredzwa.
- Chunuk Bair Memorial: Chirangaridzo chekurangarira vanhu vekuNew Zealand vakarwa pano. Chirangaridzo cheChunuk Bair ndicho chimwe chiyeuchidzo chinokosha chiri mupeninsula, kuyeuka vanhu vokuNew Zealand vakarwa muno. Iri pamusoro pechikomo chaive chekukosha kukuru kwehunyanzvi panguva yehondo.
- Lone Pine Cemetery: Lone Pine Cemetery iguva rinogara masara emasoja mazhinji eAustralia neNew Zealand akafira muHondo yeGallipoli. Chirangaridzo chinofamba chezviito zveugamba zvemasoja aya uye inzvimbo yekurangarira nekufungisisa.
- Cabatepe War Museum: Idiki museum yakatsaurirwa kunhoroondo yeHondo yeGallipoli.
- Beach Cemetery: Makuva umo masara emasoja mazhinji eBritish akafa muHondo yeGallipoli anovigwa.
- Helles Memorial: Chiyeuchidzo chekurangarira mauto eBritish neFrance akarwa pano.
- Sari Bair Range: Strategic nzvimbo, yakaita basa rakakosha muHondo yeGallipoli.
- Gallipoli History Museum: Imwe yemamyuziyamu akakosha pane peninsula, iyo Gallipoli History Museum inopa yakazara yakazara nhoroondo yemushandirapamwe weGallipoli. Inogara muunganidzwa wakakura wezvinyorwa, mapikicha, mepu, uye zvigadzirwa zvinoratidza zviitiko zvehondo.
- Canakkale Martyrdom Museum: Imwe museum yakakosha pane peninsula, iyo Canakkale Martyrdom Museum inotaurira nyaya yemushandirapamwe weGallipoli uye zviitiko zvevarwi veTurkey. Inogara muunganidzwa wezvigadzirwa, zvinyorwa uye mafoto anoratidza maonero eTurkey ehondo.
- Anzac Cove Visitor Center: The Anzac Cove Visitor Centre idiki museum yakatsaurirwa kuAnzac Beach, iyo yakaita basa rinokosha panguva yeHondo yeGallipoli. Pano iwe unogona kudzidza nezve zviitiko zvakaitika pano, pamwe nenhoroondo yeAnzac Corps zvachose.
- Ariburnu Cemetery: Ariburnu Cemetery inzvimbo yemakuva yehondo inorangarira masoja eBritain neFrance akafira muHondo yeGallipoli. Iri pedyo neAnzac Cove, chikamu chakakosha chenyaya yehondo.
- Nek Cemetery: Nek Cemetery inzvimbo diki yemakuva yehondo inorangarira masoja eAustralia akafa mukurwiswa kwakakurumbira kwehussar panguva yemushandirapamwe weGallipoli.
Aya mawebhusaiti anopa vashanyi maonero munhoroondo yemushandirapamwe weGallipoli uye anobvumira vashanyi kuti vayeuke zviitiko zvevarwi vakarwa pano. Kushanyira Gallipoli Peninsula chiitiko chinofamba uye mukana wakasarudzika wekuwana ruzivo munhoroondo uye zviitiko zvehondo zvehondo iyi yakakosha.
Hondo yeGallipoli
Hondo yeGallipoli yaive hondo huru munharaunda yeDardanelles yeTurkey munguva yeHondo Yenyika I. Hondo yakabatana yeBritish, French neAustralia yakarwa Humambo hweOttoman kudzora Bosphorus uye kuvhura mukana weBlack Sea neRussia. Hondo yakatanga kubva muna 1915 kusvika muna 1916 uye yakaguma mukukunda kweOttoman.
Vatambi veHondo yeGallipoli
Turks: Munguva yemushandirapamwe weGallipoli muna 1915, veTurkey vaive vadziviriri venyika yavo pakurwisa mauto eAllied anosanganisira maBritish, maAustralia neNew Zealanders. Vachitungamirirwa naGeneral Mustafa Kemal (akazozivikanwa seAtatürk), mauto eTurkey akarwa neushingi uye neugamba pamusoro pezvaityisa.
Pasinei nekukuvadzwa kwakanyanya, vaTurkey vakazopedzisira varamba kupinda uye vakaramba vachitonga nyika yavo. Hondo yeGallipoli yaive nguva yakakosha munhoroondo yeTurkey, chiratidzo cheushingi uye kutsunga kwevadziviriri veTurkey.
VaTurks varipowo muGallipoli peninsula kuburikidza nenhevedzano yezviyeuchidzo uye zviyeuchidzo zvakatsaurirwa kuvarwi vavo vakawa uye magamba. Chimwe chezviyeuchidzo izvi ndeyeTurkey Monument, iyo inorangarira mauto eTurkey akashinga akawira muhondo.
Gore rega rega munaKurume 18, veTurkey vanopemberera Zuva reMauto reTurkey kukudza magamba avo ehondo akadonha uye kuratidza kutenda nekudzivirira kwavo. Hondo yeGallipoli yakasimbisawo pfungwa dzeTurkey dzekuzivikanwa kwenyika uye kudada uye chikamu chakakosha chetsika yavo yenhoroondo.
- Germany: Parutivi rweGermany rwemakakatanwa, Germany yakanga iri mubatanidzwa mukuru weOttoman Empire. Zvikamu zvinoverengeka zveGermany zvakabatanidzwa mumushandirapamwe weGallipoli, kusanganisira German Navy kuchengetedza Bosphorus uye kumabvazuva kweMediterranean. Nhasi unogona kushanyira mamwe masaiti uye zviyeuchidzo kudivi reGerman kuti unzwisise zviri nani basa reGermany mukukonana.
- British: Great Britain yaive imwe yenyika dzakanyanya kuita mushandirapamwe weGallipoli muna 1915. Pamwe chete nevabatsiri, kusanganisira maAustralia neNew Zealanders, vakaedza kutora maDardanelles uye kudzora mitsetse kuti vape mauto eRussia kukurumidza kupinda kumabvazuva. Hondo yeBritain, yaitungamirirwa naGeneral Ian Hamilton, yakarwa neushingi asi yakakundwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma munhandare yehondo uye vadziviriri veTurkey. Pasinei zvapo naikoku, vakaramba vari munhandare yehondo kutozosvikira pakupera kwehondo, vachitambura nzufu huru. VaBritish vakanga varipowo muGallipoli Peninsula kuburikidza nematombo uye zviyeuchidzo zvakatsaurirwa kuvarwi vavo vakawa. Chimwe chiyeuchidzo chakadaro iLone Pine Cemetery, yakatsaurirwa kuvarwi veBritish neAustralia vakawira muhondo. Iyo inzvimbo yakakosha kune veBritain nevazukuru vavo vanoshuvira kudzidza nhoroondo yemadzitateguru avo.
- Winston Churchill, gare gare Mutungamiriri weBritain, akaita basa rinokosha mukuronga uye kuitwa kweGallipoli campaign. Saiye Ishe wekutanga weAdmiralty, Churchill aive nebasa rehurongwa hwekuronga uye kuraira kwezvikepe zveAllied panguva yekukonana. Kunyange zvazvo hondo yacho yaionekwa sekukundwa kweAllies, Churchill haana kunzvenga mutoro wekuronga kwayo uye akatora migumisiro yebasa rake. Zvakadaro, gare gare mukutonga kwake seMutungamiriri akabatsira mukutungamirira Britain munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri.
- Australian: MaAustralia vaive nyika huru yakabatanidzwa muGallipoli Campaign muna 1915. Pamwe chete nevabatsiri, kusanganisira maBritish neNew Zealanders, vakarwa nevadziviriri veTurkey kuti vatore Dardanelles uye vadzore matambudziko. Mauto eAustralia ari pasi pemurairo waGeneral William Birdwood vakarwa noushingi uye vakakuvadzwa zvikuru munguva yose yehondo. Kunyanguvezvo, ivo vakaramba vari munhandare yehondo ndokubetsera mukuzvidzivirira kusvikira pakupera kwehondo. MaAustralia zvakare ane huvepo paGallipoli Peninsula kuburikidza nezviyeuchidzo uye zviyeuchidzo zvinokudza avo vakawa. Anzac Cove Cemetery chimwe chiyeuchidzo chakadaro, chakatsaurirwa kumauto eAustralia neNew Zealand akafira muhondo. Inzvimbo yakakosha kune veAustralia nevazukuru vavo vanoda kudzidza nhoroondo yemadzitateguru avo. Gore rega rega paZuva reAnzac, Kubvumbi 25, vanhu vekuAustralia vanorangarira magamba ehondo avo vakawa nenhevedzano yemhemberero nemhemberero paGallipoli Peninsula uye mhiri kweAustralia. Zuva iri chikamu chakakosha chenhoroondo yeAustralia netsika uye chiratidzo chehugamba uye kuzvipira kwevaAustralia.
- New Zealanders: Kufanana nevaAustralia, veNew Zealanders vaiva vatambi vanokosha muGallipoli Campaign ye1915. Vakarwa pamwe chete nevatsigiri vakadai seAustralia neBritish pamwe chete nevadziviriri veTurkey kuti vatore Dardanelles uye kutonga Straits. Hondo yeNew Zealand, yakatungamirirwa naGeneral Alexander Godley, yakarwa neushingi uye yakakuvadzwa zvikuru munguva yose yehondo. Kunyanguvezvo, ivo vakaramba vari munhandare yehondo ndokubetsera mukuzvidzivirira kusvikira pakupera kwehondo. New Zealanders zvakare vane huvepo paGallipoli Peninsula kuburikidza nezviyeuchidzo uye zviyeuchidzo zvinokudza avo vakawa. Chimwe chezviyeuchidzo izvi iChunuk Bair Memorial, yakatsaurirwa kuvarwi vekuNew Zealand vakawira muhondo. Iyo inzvimbo yakakosha kune veNew Zealand nevazukuru vavo vanoshuvira kudzidza nhoroondo yemadzitateguru avo. Gore rega rega musi wa25 Kubvumbi, Zuva reAnzac, New Zealanders vanorangarira magamba avo ehondo akafa nemhemberero nemhemberero muGallipoli Peninsula uye mhiri kweNew Zealand. Zuva iri chikamu chakakosha cheNew Zealand nhoroondo netsika uye chiratidzo chehugamba uye kuzvipira kweNew Zealanders.
- vokuRussia: MaRussia haana kubatanidzwa zvakananga muGallipoli Campaign ye1915, asi vaive vabatsiri vakakosha muHondo Yenyika I. Russia yakabatana neBritain, France nedzimwe nyika dzemuEurope ndokurwa neAllies, kusanganisira Germany neAustria-Hungary. Kunyange zvazvo maRussia akanga asingabatanidzi zvakananga mumushandirapamwe weGallipoli, kurwisana kwavo kuEastern Front kwaiva nesimba guru pane zvakaitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo, kusanganisira Gallipoli. Kuburikidza nemupiro wayo kuhondo, Russia yakarwira rusununguko uye rusununguko uye yakaita mupiro unokosha mukukunda kweAllied. Nhasi kune dzakawanda zviyeuchidzo muRussia zvinorangarira zviito zvehugamba uye zvibayiro munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Gore negore musi wa9 May, Zuva Rokukunda, hurumende yeRussia nevanhu vanoyeuka vaya vakashanda muhondo.
Munguva yekushanya kwako, unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezveChurchill nebasa rake mumushandirapamwe weGallipoli nekushanyira zvivakwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye zviyeuchidzo zvekurangarira zvaakaita nemabasa ake. Izvi zvinogona kukupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekukosha kwenhoroondo kwaChurchill nebasa rake rezvematongerwo enyika.
Hondo yeGallipoli yaive mhirizhonga nevazhinji vatori vechikamu kumativi ese. MaAllies aisanganisira maBritish, French neAustralia, ukuwo maOttoman aitsigirwa nemasoja eTurkey nemaGerman allies. Mumwe nemumwe wevatambi ava akaita basa rakasiyana mukutungamira kurwa uye akave nemhedzisiro yakakosha pakubuda kwayo.
Munguva yekushanya, unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvevatambi vakasiyana nekushanyira zvirangaridzo zvakasiyana, uye kudzidza nezvenyaya dzemurwi wega wega nezvaakasangana nazvo. Izvi zvinokupa kunzwisisa kukuru kwechikero uye chiyero chegakava uye zvinokupa pfungwa yehushingi uye kuzvipira kwevarwi vose vanobatanidzwa.
Paunenge uchienda kuGallipoli Peninsula, pane zvinhu zvishoma zvekuchengeta mupfungwa kuti rwendo rwacho ruve rwusingakanganwike.
Heano mamwe mazano:
- Sarudza nguva yakanakisisa yekushanyira: Nguva yakanakisisa yekushanyira Gallipoli Peninsula ichirimo kana matsutso, apo mamiriro okunze anofadza uye nzvimbo iri mumaruva.
- Ronga rwendo rwako pachine nguva: Bvumira nguva yakakwana yekuona zvese zvinoonekwa uye kuronga rwendo rwako pachine nguva kuti udzivise kuora mwoyo.
- Pfeka hembe neshangu dzakagadzikana sezvo zvimwe zvinokwezva zvingave zvakaoma kuwana.
- Dzidza nezvenhoroondo uye zviitiko zvine chekuita neHondo yeGallipoli usati watanga rwendo rwako kuti unzwisise zviri nani.
- Usakanganwa kuunza mvura yakakwana uye sunscreen sezvo mamiriro ekunze muTurkey anogona kunge achipisa uye akaoma.
- Nezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji: Kune akajairika mabhazi masevhisi kubva Istanbul kuCanakkale kwaunogona kutora chikepe kuenda kuGallipoli.
- Bhuka Rwendo Rwakatungamirirwa: Rwendo rwunotungamirirwa runogona kukubatsira kuti unyatsoshandisa kushanya kwako uye udzidze zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo uye kukosha kweHondo yeGallipoli.
Ndinosvika sei kuGallipoli?
Kana iwe uchida kuongorora nhoroondo uye zvinoonekwa zveHondo yeGallipoli, kune dzakawanda nzira dzekufambisa dziripo. Nzira inonyanyozivikanwa ndeye mota, sezvo ichikupa rusununguko rwekuongorora zvinoonekwa nekumhanya kwako wega. Iwe unogona zvakare kubhuka mabhazi uye teksi kushanya kubva kuIstanbul.
Mari yekupinda uye nguva dzekuvhura dzeGallipoli, Türkiye
Kupinda kune zvakawanda zvinokwezva paGallipoli Peninsula ndezvemahara. Nekudaro, pane zvimwe zvakasarudzika apo iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara mari yekupinda, senge B. iyo Cabatepe War Museum.
Gallipoli Peninsula zvinokwezva zvinowanzo kuvhurwa kubva mangwanani kusvika manheru, asi zviri nani kutarisa nguva dzekuvhura usati washanya sezvo izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenguva yegore uye mamiriro ekunze.
Kushanyira kuGallipoli Peninsula kunoda kunyatsorongwa kuitira kuti iwe uone zvakawanda zvekuona munguva shoma yenguva. Zano rakanaka nderekutanga mangwanani-ngwanani wopedza zuva rakazara uchinakidzwa nezvinoonekwa zvakasiyana usati wadzoka manheru.
10 Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa uye Mhinduro nezve Hondo yeGallipoli muTurkey: Zvese Zvaunoda Kuziva.
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Hondo yeGallipoli yakaitika rini?
Hondo yeGallipoli yakaitika pakati paApril 25, 1915 naJanuary 9, 1916.
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Hondo yeGallipoli yakaitika kupi?
Hondo yeGallipoli yakaitika paGallipoli Peninsula muEuropean Turkey.
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Ndivanaani vaibatanidzwa?
Mapato akabatanidzwa aive maAllies, aisanganisira maBritish, French neAustralia, uye maOttoman, achitsigirwa nemasoja eTurkey uye mubatanidzwa weGerman.
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Sei Hondo yeGallipoli yakarwiwa?
Hondo yeGallipoli yakarwiwa kudzora maDardanelles uye kuwana mukana kuGungwa Dzvuku kuti ibatsire kupinda kweRussia muhondo.
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Ndiani aive Allied Commander?
Mukuru weAllied aive General Ian Hamilton.
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Ndiani aive mutungamiriri weOttomans?
Mutungamiriri weOttomans aive Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
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Chii chakanga chiri muuyo wehondo yacho?
Mhedzisiro yehondo yaive kukundwa kweAllies uye kukunda kweOttoman.
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Chii chaive chakakosha cheHondo yeGallipoli yeTurkey?
Hondo yeGallipoli yaive yakakosha kuTurkey sezvo ichionekwa sechiratidzo chenyika chekukunda kurwisa maAllies uye kuchengetedza rusununguko.
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Chii chaive chakakosha cheHondo yeGallipoli kune veAllies?
Hondo yeGallipoli yakanga ine chirevo chakadzama kune veAllies sezvo yakaguma mukukundwa kwemauto uye yakadhura huwandu hwehupenyu hwemasoja.
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Nzira yekuongorora Hondo yeGallipoli?
Mumwe anogona kuongorora Hondo yeGallipoli nekushanyira zviyeuchidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye zviyeuchidzo zvekuyeuka kukakavara uye nekushanyira kumaruwa kwaive kwakakosha kumakakatanwa.
Muchidimbu, iyo Gallipoli Peninsula inopa mukana wakasarudzika wekuongorora uye kunzwisisa chitsauko chakakosha munhoroondo yenyika. Kubva pazviyeuchidzo zvenhoroondo uye mamuseum kusvika kune inofema nzvimbo uye akakosha theatre ehondo, peninsula inopa isingakanganwike zviitiko zvekufamba kune chero munhu anofarira nhoroondo nehondo.
