IPamukkale kunye neHierapolis: Imimangaliso yendalo kunye nendawo yakudala eTurkey - 2024

Yintoni eyenza iPamukkale kunye neHierapolis zikhetheke kangaka?

Pamukkale, elithetha "iNqaba yoMqhaphu" ngesiTurkish, yaziwa ngamathafa ayo ekalika amhlophe amangalisayo adalwe yimithombo yobushushu eneminerali. Egxadazela emathambekeni amatye, la machibi endalo enza inkangeleko ye-surreal, efana ne-fairytale etsala abatyeleli abavela kwihlabathi liphela unyaka nonyaka. Amathafa amhlophe aqaqambileyo ngokuchasene namanzi e-turquoise ngumbono omangalisayo kwaye lithuba lefoto elidumileyo, linomtsalane ngakumbi ekutshoneni kwelanga.

IHierapolis, ibekwe ngasentla kwePamukkale, sisixeko samandulo samaGrike namaRoma esaziwa ngamabhodlo aso, kuquka nethiyetha egcinwe kakuhle, i-necropolis kunye neebhafu zamandulo. I-Hierapolis yayikhe yayindawo ebalulekileyo ye-spa kunye nenkolo kwaye ngoku iyinxalenye ye-UNESCO World Heritage Site, kunye nePamukkale.

Imbali yePamukkale kunye neHierapolis

Imbali yeHierapoli ibuyela emva kwinkulungwane yesi-2 BC. emva xa isixeko sasisebenza njengendawo yokuphumla yezempilo ngenxa yemithombo yaso eshushu. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane iye yahlalwa ziinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amaGrike, amaRoma kunye namaByzantines. Amabhodlo anokubonwa namhlanje ubukhulu becala asusela kwixesha lamaRoma neByzantine.

I-Pamukkale ngokwayo yinto yendalo eyenziwe kwiminyaka engamawaka ngokufakwa kwe-calcium carbonate kwimithombo eshushu. Amathafa ayesaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwaye ayesetyenziswa njengeebhafu ngamaRoma.

Yintoni onokufumana kuyo ePamukkale naseHierapolis?

• Iibhafu ezishushu: Yiba namava okuqubha kumanzi ashushu, aneminerali eninzi kumachibi endalo ePamukkale.
• Amabhodlo amandulo: Jonga amabhodlo abanzi e-Hierapolis, kubandakanya indawo yemidlalo yeqonga, i-Martyrdom ka-Saint Philip, kunye neendawo zokuhlambela zakudala.
• Imyuziyam: Ndwendwela iHierapolis Archaeology Museum, egcinwe kwiibhafu zaseRoma kwaye ibonisa ingqokelela yezinto zakudala ezivela kummandla.
• Necropolis: Yincoma i-necropolis yakudala yaseHierapolis enamangcwaba angaphezu kwewaka.
• IParagliding: Kwabanomdla, kukho ithuba lokufumana iPamukkale emoyeni ngelixa i-paragliding.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo ePamukkale

I-Pamukkale, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Cotton Castle" eTurkey, ingummangaliso wendalo ongaqhelekanga kunye neNdawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO. Le ndawo idume ngamathafa ekalika amhlophe aqaqambileyo, imithombo eshushu kunye nembali etyebileyo. Nazi ezinye zezona ndawo zinomtsalane ePamukkale:

1. Amathambeka eTravertine: Amathambeka amhlophe ekalika amhlophe ePamukkale, adalwe ngamanzi ashushu apholileyo, enza umboniso onomtsalane wendalo. Abakhenkethi banokuzulazula benganxibanga zihlangu kwiithafa kwaye bahlambe kumachibi ashushu, aneminerali.
2. Isixeko samandulo saseHierapolis: Ngaphezulu nje kweetrasi zetravertine kukho idolophu eyibhodlo yaseHierapolis, isixeko samandulo saseGreco-Roman esaziwa ngokuba yi-necropolis egcinwe kakuhle, iithiyetha, iitempile kunye nezinye iindawo zakudala.
3. I-Hierapolis Archaeological Museum: Ifakwe kwiindawo zokuhlambela zesixeko sakudala, imyuziyam igcina ingqokelela yezinto zakudala ezivela eHierapolis nakwezinye iindawo ezikuloo ngingqi.
4. Ichibi likaCleopatra (Ichibi laMandulo): Idama le-geothermal elijikelezwe ngamabhodlo amandulo aseRoma, kukholelwa ukuba yayikhe yasisipho kuCleopatra. Iindwendwe zinokuqubha apha kwaye ziphumle phakathi kweekholomu zembali kunye namatye.
5. Ithiyetha yaseHierapolis: Enye yeethiyetha zamandulo ezigcinwe kakuhle eTurkey, ithiyetha ibonelela ngembonakalo enomtsalane kunye neembono ezintle zamaphandle ajikelezileyo.
6. Necropolis yaseHierapolis: Enye yezona ndawo zinkulu zamangcwaba amandulo, i-necropolis iqulethe iindidi ze-sarcophagi, izikhumbuzo zomngcwabo kunye nama-mausoleums avela ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
7. IPaka yeNdalo yasePamukkale: Ukongeza kwi-travertines, ipaki yendalo ibonelela ngamanye amathuba okunyuka intaba, iindawo ezintle zomhlaba kunye nethuba lokujonga iintyatyambo kunye nefauna zalo mmandla.
8. I-St. Philippe Martyrdom: Iintsalela ze-basilica ezinikezelwe kuMpostile uPhilip ziyindawo ebalulekileyo yohambo lobuKristu kwaye inika umbono kwimbali yenkolo yale ndawo.
9. Amanzi aBomvu aseKarahayit: Kufuphi nePamukkale kukho imithombo yamanzi eshushu ebomvu yaseKarahayit, eyaziwa ngeempawu zayo zokunyanga kunye nombala obomvu owahlukileyo obangelwa kukuxinana okuphezulu kwe-iron oxide.
10. eLawodike: Kwiikhilomitha nje ezimbalwa ukusuka apho kukho amabhodlo esixeko samandulo saseLaodikeia, esinye isiza esibalulekileyo sokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala esinamabhodlo alondolozwe kakuhle nezinto ezenziweyo.

IPamukkale ayiyona nje indawo yobuhle bendalo obubalaseleyo, kodwa ikwabubungqina bembali yoluntu, ukusuka kwimpucuko yamandulo ukuya kumaxesha anamhlanje. Inika indibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yezinto ezikhangayo zendalo kunye nezembali ezitsala iindwendwe ezivela kwihlabathi liphela.

Izinto ezibonakalayo eHierapolis

IHierapolis, isixeko samandulo samaGrike namaRoma kufutshane nePamukkale eTurkey, yaziwa ngamabhodlo ayo kunye neendawo zakudala. Esi sixeko sasikade sisisazulu esibalulekileyo senkcubeko nonqulo, esasisaziwa ngemithombo yaso eshushu. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinomtsalane eHierapolis:

1. Ithiyetha: Iholo yemidlalo yeqonga yaseRoma eHierapolis inokuthatha ababukeli abamalunga ne-15.000. Ngeqonga layo elinomtsalane le-facade kunye nemiqolo emide yezihlalo, inika umbono onika umdla kwinkcubeko yokuzonwabisa yamandulo.
2. Necropolis: Elinye lawona mangcwaba makhulu akudala, i-Hierapolis Necropolis iqulathe amangcwaba angaphezu kwewaka, kubandakanya i-sarcophagi, amagumbi okungcwaba kunye nezikhumbuzo.
3. Ichibi laMandulo (Ichibi leCleopatra): Idama le-geothermal elijikelezwe ngamabhodlo amandulo kunye neentsika. Kukholelwa ukuba uCleopatra ngokwakhe wahlamba kula manzi aphilisayo.
4. Isango lakwaFrontinus: Elinye lamasango aphambili esixeko, athiywe ngommeli waseRoma uFrontinus. Amabhodlo anika umfanekiso wobukhulu bangaphambili beendonga namasango esixeko.
5. Isango laseDomitian: Elinye isango elichukumisayo elalisebenza njengesango lokungena esixekweni elathiywa ngoMlawuli waseRoma uDomitian.
6. IPlutonium: Eyaziwa njengendawo engcwele kaPluto, uthixo wehlabathi eliphantsi. Yitempile encinci eyakhiwe phezu kwegumbi legesi elibulalayo elalisetyenziswa ngababingeleli bamandulo ukubonisa amandla abo.
7. Ngoku: Indawo yentengiso esembindini yaseHierapoli, ejikelezwe ziintsika namabhodlo eevenkile nezakhiwo zikawonke-wonke.
8. Izitalato zekholamu: Ziliqela izitrato zamandulo ezigcinwe kakuhle ezineevaranda ezazikade zaba zezona ndlela ziphambili zeso sixeko.
9. Isango laseByzantine: Iintsalela zesango lesixeko saseByzantine, ebonisa ukuqhubeka kwesixeko ukubaluleka kunye nokuzinza kwixesha elizayo.
10. I-Hierapolis Archaeological Museum: Ifumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlambela zaseRoma zangaphambili, imyuziyam ibonisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto zobugcisa ezifumaneka eHierapolis nakwimimandla eyingqongileyo.
11. I-St. Philippe Martyrdom: Icawa ezinikele kumpostile uFilipu, ekuthiwa wafela ukholo apha.

I-Hierapolis yindawo egciniweyo etyebileyo yembali yakudala kunye nenkcubeko ehambisa iindwendwe kwihlabathi loBukhosi baseRoma nangaphaya. Ukudityaniswa kweendawo zakudala, izikhumbuzo ezingcwele kunye nobuhle bendalo buyenza ibe yindawo engenakulibaleka.

Ukwamkelwa, amaxesha okuvula, amatikiti & nokhenketho

Kukho imali yokungena ePamukkale kunye neHierapolis ebandakanya ukufikelela kuzo zombini iziza. Amaxesha okuvula ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka, kwaye ukhenketho olukhokelwayo luhlala lunikezelwa, lunika ingqiqo enzulu kwimbali kunye nokubaluleka kweziza.

Izinto ezinomtsalane kwindawo

Indawo engqonge iHierapolis kunye nePamukkale ibonelela ngobutyebi bezinto ezinomtsalane ukusuka kumabhodlo akudala ukuya kwimimangaliso yendalo. Nazi ezinye zezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kunye nemisebenzi ekufutshane:

1. Iindawo zokuhlala ePamukkale travertine: Kanye ecaleni kwe-Hierapolis kukho iindawo ezidumileyo zelitye lekalika ezimhlophe zasePamukkale, isimanga sendalo esidalwe kumanzi ashushu aneminerali. Abakhenkethi banokuhamba benganxibanga zihlangu kwiithafa kwaye baqubhe kumachibi endalo.
2. eLawodike: Isixeko sakudala esikwiikhilomitha nje ezimbalwa ukusuka eHierapolis, esaziwa ngamabhodlo alo agcinwe kakuhle, kubandakanya iholo yemidlalo yeqonga, ibala lemidlalo kunye neetempile ezahlukeneyo.
3. Aphrodisias: Esinye isixeko samandulo esikumgama weyure ukusuka eHierapolis, esidume ngeTempile kaAphrodite, iholo yemidlalo yeqonga nebala lemidlalo eligcinwe kakuhle, neMyuziyam iAphrodisias.
4. Denizli: Esona sixeko sikufutshane sibonelela ngeemarike zasekhaya, iimosque kunye neMyuziyam yaseDenizli Atatürk Ethnography, enika umbono ngenkcubeko yasekhaya kunye nembali.
5. Karahayit: Eyaziwayo ngemithombo yamanzi e-thermal ebomvu, enombala ohlukileyo kuneendawo ezimhlophe zePamukkale. Umbala obomvu ubangelwa kubuninzi bentsimbi emanzini.
6. Umqolomba waseKaklık: Umqolomba ofana neeterraces zasePamukkale, kodwa ngaphantsi komhlaba. Umqolomba waziwa ngemithombo yawo eshushu kunye nenkqubo yomqolomba enomtsalane.
7. Tavas Nikfer Village: Ilali eyaziwa ngeekhaphethi zayo zemveli kunye nokulukwa, indlela entle yokufumana ubomi basemaphandleni baseTurkey kunye nobugcisa bemveli.
8. Iipaki zendalo kunye nokuhamba intaba: Lo mmandla utyebile ngobuhle bendalo kwaye unikezela ngamathuba amaninzi okuhamba intaba kunye nokuhlola, kubandakanya ne-Honaz Berg National Park.
9. Iibhafu ezishushu kunye neespa: Kukho amathuba amaninzi kule ndawo okuphumla kwiindawo zokuhlambela ezishushu kunye ne-spas kwaye wonwabele iipropathi zokuphilisa zamanzi anezimbiwa.
10. Isixeko samandulo saseTripoli kwiMeander: Esinye isiza sakudala esikufutshane, esaziwa ngamabhodlo alo agcinwe kakuhle kunye nomoya ongaxinana kakhulu.

Iindawo ezingqonge i-Hierapolis kunye ne-Pamukkale zizityebi kwimbali, inkcubeko kunye nomtsalane wendalo, unikezela uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezinomdla kunye nemisebenzi yeendwendwe. Nokuba ufuna ukuntywila kwimpucuko yakudala, ube ngamava obuhle bendalo okanye uphumle nje kumanzi ashushu, lo mmandla ubonelela ngamava atyebileyo.

Ufika njani ePamukkale naseHierapolis

IPamukkale ibekwe kwindawo iphondo Denizli eTurkey. Isixeko saseDenizli sinokufikelelwa ngebhasi, ngololiwe okanye ngenqwelomoya ukusuka kwizixeko ezikhulu zaseTurkey. Ukusuka eDenizli kukho unxibelelwano lweminibus rhoqo (dolmuş) ukuya ePamukkale.

Iingcebiso zokutyelela iPamukkale kunye neHierapolis

• Nxiba izihlangu ezikhululekileyo xa uhlola amabhodlo.
• Ungalibali izixhobo zakho zokuqubha ukuba ufuna ukuhlamba kwimithombo ye-thermal.
• Zikhusele elangeni – linokutshisa kakhulu, ingakumbi ehlotyeni.
• Intlonipho yendalo: faka kuphela iitesi kwiindawo ezivumelekileyo ukukhusela ulwakhiwo oluthambileyo.

Isiphelo: Kutheni le nto utyelelo lwasePamukkale naseHierapolis lufanelekile?

I-Pamukkale kunye ne-Hierapolis zinika indibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yobuhle bendalo kunye nobunzulu bembali. Amathafa amhlophe anomtsalane kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo ezityebileyo ze-archaeological zinika amava angenakulibaleka. Yindawo emema ukuphumla, ukuhlola kunye nokumangalisa, ukudala isikhumbuzo esixabisekileyo samandla endalo kunye nokwahlukana kwembali yoluntu. Ukutyelela apha akukushiyi kuphela ngeefoto eziphefumulayo, kodwa kunye noxabiso olunzulu lwemimangaliso yehlabathi.

idilesi: Pamukkale, 20190 Pamukkale/Denizli, Türkiye, Hierapolis, 20280 Pamukkale/Denizli, Türkiye