100 Jahre -I ikarikuni ibhiyozela iminyaka eyi-100 kulo nyaka. Inkulungwane eyathi ngayo yaphakama ukusuka kwibhodlo lobukhosi obuwohlokayo ukuya kutsho kwisizwe esidlamkileyo, sanamhlanje. Ngembali yayo etyebileyo, uyilo olunomtsalane kunye nomhlaba ophefumlayo wendalo, iTurkey kufuneka ibe phezulu kweyakho. Uluhlu lokuhamba yima. Fumanisa ilifa leminyaka eyi-100 kwaye kutheni iTurkey Indawo yokundwendwela yeminyaka embalwa ezayo iya kuba.
I-Türkiye iBhiyozela iNkulungwane: i-100 leminyaka yeRiphabhlikhi kunye nohambo lwelizwe elizidlayo (1923-2023)
IRiphabhlikhi yaseTürkiye yasekwa ngo-Oktobha 29, 1923. Ke ngoko, isikhumbuzo sabo se-100 siya kubhiyozelwa ngo-2023. Umhla wokusekwa uphawula ukugqitywa kweMfazwe yaseTurkey yeNkululeko kunye nokusekwa ngokusesikweni kweRiphabhlikhi phantsi kobunkokeli bukaMustafa Kemal Atatürk emva kokuba uBukhosi base-Ottoman bachithwa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I. I-29 ka-Okthobha imakishwe eTurkey njenge “usuku lweRiphabhlikhi(Cumhuriyet Bayramı) yiholide yesizwe kwaye ibhiyozelwa minyaka le ngemisitho nemibhiyozo eyahlukeneyo.
Inkulungwane kwisishwankathelo: Ukusuka kwiRiphabhlikhi ukuya kwiSizwe sanamhlanje
Ngowe-1923, iRiphabhlikhi yaseTurkey yazalwa eluthuthwini loBukhosi base-Ottoman. Phantsi kobunkokheli be UMustafa Kemal Atatürk ilizwe laqala indlela yalo yokuya kubomi banamhlanje, ubuzwe kunye noshishino. I-Turkey, ethe yaphinda yazihlaziya, yimosaic yeenkcubeko ezihlanganisa kunye umkhondo wempucuko enkulu, ukusuka kumaHeti namaRoma ukuya kwiByzantines kunye ne-Ottomans.
Iminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo ibonakaliswe yinguqu, ukukhula kunye nokusukela ikamva elingcono. Isimo sengqondo saseTurkey sanamhlanje kubomi, "imihla yangoku Türkiye“, lunxibelelwano lwezithethe nenkqubela phambili.
Isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-100 sokusekwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaseTurkey ibonelela ngobutyebi bemimandla yezifundo
1. Umbono we-Atatürk kunye nohlaziyo
Ifilosofi yokusekwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaseTurkey
U-Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, umseki weRiphabhlikhi yaseTurkey, walandela umbono ocacileyo: isizwe sanamhlanje, ilizwe kunye neNtshona. Ukupheliswa kweSultanate kunye nokuphela koBukhosi base-Ottoman kwaphawula ukuqala koluhlu lweenguqu ezinzulu. Ialfabhethi yesiLatini yathabathel’ indawo inkqubo yokubhala yesiArabhu, eyayingakhuthazi nje ukufunda nokubhala kodwa eyayifuzisela utshintsho lwenkcubeko. Uhlaziyo luka-Atatürk luquke namalungelo abasetyhini. Wakhuthaza imfundo yabasetyhini kwaye wabanika ilungelo lokuvota kwasekuqaleni kwe-1934, phambi kwezizwe ezininzi zaseNtshona. Nangona kunjalo, umbono ka-Atatürk wawungaphaya kohlaziyo; Wayefuna ukudala abantu abanolwazi lwesizwe ababezidla ngobuni babo kunye nembali, kodwa kwangaxeshanye bajonge phambili.
2. Indima yabasetyhini eTurkey
Inkulungwane yotshintsho kubafazi baseTurkey
Indima yabasetyhini eTurkey itshintshe kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo. Ukusuka kwi-harem ukuya epalamente, ukusuka kwii-headscarves zendabuko ukuya kwishishini lanamhlanje, abafazi baseTurkey benze inkqubela phambili enkulu nangona imingeni yenkcubeko nezopolitiko. Namhlanje bekhona kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu, ukusuka kwisayensi ukuya kwezopolitiko, kwaye ngokusebenzayo babumba umfanekiso weTurkey yanamhlanje.
3. Umgaqo-nkqubo waseTurkey wangaphandle
Phakathi kweMpuma neNtshona: Inkulungwane yoMgaqo-nkqubo waseTurkey waNgaphandle
ITurkey, ebekwe ngobuchule phakathi kweYurophu neAsia, ibisoloko idlala indima ephambili kwimicimbi ye-geopolitical. Ukususela ekusekweni kweRiphabliki ngowe-1923, iTurkey iye yazabalazela ukulungelelana phakathi kweMpuma neNtshona. Ngexesha leMfazwe ebandayo, iTurkey yayililungu le-NATO kunye neqabane elinobuchule laseNtshona. Namhlanje, kwihlabathi lamazwe amaninzi, iTurkey ilandela umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle onamacala amaninzi othathela ingqalelo iinyani zembali kunye nezopolitiko zangoku.
4. Ubugcisa kunye nenkcubeko
I-Kaleidoscope yokuphefumlelwa: Inkulungwane yoBugcisa baseTurkey kunye neNkcubeko
Ukusuka kwiingoma zomthonyama ukuya kwi-pop yanamhlanje, ukusuka kwimizobo yakudala ukuya kufakelo lobugcisa lwangoku, ubugcisa baseTurkey kunye nenkcubeko ziye zatshintsha ngendlela emangalisayo kule minyaka iyi-100 idlulileyo. Ubume benkcubeko yaseTurkey yimosaic yeempembelelo zemveli kunye nezanamhlanje, kunye namagcisa kunye nabasebenzi benkcubeko bahlala bechaza imida yokuthetha.
5. Inzululwazi neTekhnoloji
Ukususela kwi-Cretaceous ukuya kwi-Digital Era: iSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji eTurkey
Ngelixa uBukhosi base-Ottoman bushiywe ngasemva kweNtshona ngokwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kwinqanaba labo lokugqibela, iRiphabhlikhi yaseTurkey yenze inkqubela ebonakalayo ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo. Ukusukela ekwaziseni iinkqubo zemfundo zale mihla ukuya kutyalo-mali kuphando nakuphuhliso, iTurkey iye yaqinisa iinzame zayo kwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe ukuze ihambisane nentsingiselo yehlabathi.
Ngama-2123: Njengoko i-Türkiye isondela kwinkulungwane yayo ezayo, ijongene nomngeni wokugcina isazisi sayo senkcubeko ngelixa isabela kwiindlela zehlabathi. Kucacile ukuba ilizwe lizama ukuvala isithethe kunye nesimanje, lithatha ithuba lendawo yalo ekhethekileyo kwihlabathi.
I-Turkey: Imbiza enyibilikayo yeeNkcubeko
Enye yezinto ezibalaseleyo zaseTurkey lilifa lenkcubeko. Istanbul, kanye iConstantinople, yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokufumana le fusion. Eyona ichukumisayo UHagia Sophia nobungangamsha IBlaue Moschee zimbini nje ezimangalisayo zembali ezingenakubalwa esixekweni kufuneka sinikele.
Ukongeza kwi-Istanbul, kukho ezinye izixeko ezininzi kunye nemimandla eTurkey eyenza iintliziyo zembali kunye nabathandi benkcubeko babethe ngokukhawuleza. Ukususela kumanxuwa amandulo kwi Efese ukuya kwizixeko ezingaphantsi komhlaba eKapadokiya - iTurkey yiparadesi yomhloli.
Imbonakalo yomhlaba ephefumlayo kunye nemimangaliso yendalo
Indalo eTurkey ihluke njengembali yayo. Iitrakethi zetravertine ezimhlophe qhwa ze Pamukkale, imihlaba engenakuthelekiswa nanto ye eKapadokiya kunye neelwandle zeparadesi ye Umlambo waseTurkey zinika uluhlu olunomtsalane lwamava kuye wonke umhambi.
I-Turkey: Indawo yokuhamba yexesha elizayo
Icandelo lokhenketho eTurkey lifumene utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kunye nophuhliso kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukusuka kwiindawo zokungcebeleka zodidi ukuya kwi-boutiqueHotels, ukugqamisa izakhiwo zendawo kunye nenkcubeko - kukho indawo yokuhlala ukuze ihambelane nayo yonke incasa kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
I-cuisine yaseTurkey nayo ifumene ukuvunywa kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukusuka IKebabs ngayo baklava ukuya kwi-mezze emnandi - izidlo ezityiwayo zaseTurkey ziqinisekile ukuba ziya kukwenza incasa yakho.
isiphelo
Kwinkulungwane emva kokusekwa kwayo, iTurkey imi kwindawo enika umdla kwimbali yayo, ilungele ukuzibonakalisa kwihlabathi kubo bonke ubukhazikhazi bayo kunye nokwahluka kwayo. Ngenkcubeko yayo etyebileyo, indalo ephefumlayo kunye nabantu abanobubele, iTurkey yeyona nto ilungileyo Indawo yokufikela kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukuba ukhangele indawo edibanisa imbali, inkcubeko kunye nendalo ngokuvumelana ngokugqibeleleyo, ke ubeke iTurkey kuluhlu lwakho lokuhamba ngoku!
