IPergamon yayisisixeko samandulo samaGrike kufutshane nonxweme olusentshona lweAsia Minor kwiTurkey yanamhlanje, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80 kumntla weSmirna (iIzmir yanamhlanje). Ifumaneka kwiphondo laseBergama, ePergamon, eyayisakuba sisixeko sakudala kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiTurkey ngoku, yindawo ekhethekileyo ezele yimbali nenkcubeko. Nje ukuba libe liziko elibalulekileyo lenkcubeko yamaGrike kunye neRoma, isixeko sakudala sibonelela abakhenkethi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujonga.
Imbali yasePergamo
IPergamo yasekwa ngenkulungwane yesi-3 BC. Yasekwa kwinkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha yaphuhliswa yaba yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo ze-Hellenism. Eyaziwa ngamathala eencwadi abalulekileyo, iithiyetha kunye neetempile, isixeko sasiyindawo ebalulekileyo yorhwebo yokutshintshiselana ngokwengqondo nenkcubeko.
Ngenkulungwane yesi-2 B.C. IPergamon yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRoma yaza yafumana impumelelo yayo njengeziko lenkcubeko nelomoya. Uninzi lwezakhiwo ezidumileyo zesi sixeko, njengesibingelelo sasePergamon, zakhiwa zaza zahlaziywa ngelo xesha.
Emva kokuwa koBukhosi baseRoma, iPergamo yehla, kodwa isixeko samandulo salondoloza izakhiwo ezininzi ezintle, nto leyo eyenza abakhenkethi babe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wembali nenkcubeko yeso sixeko.
Iindawo eziphambili zasePergamon
- Isibingelelo sasePergamon: Isibingelelo sasePergamon sesinye sezona zakhiwo zidumileyo zasePergamon kunye nomsebenzi wobugcisa wobugcisa bamandulo, owakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-2 BC. yakhiwa. yakhiwe. Yenye yezona zinto zakudala zigcinwe kwaye zibonisa ubuhle bobugcisa boyilo lwamandulo lwamaGrike.
- I-Asklepion: I-Asklepion yayikhe yaba liziko elikhulu lokuphilisa, indawo engcwele yabagulayo nabalimeleyo. Iyaziwa ngokuba ziibhafu ezishushu ezishushu, iitempile kunye neethiyetha ezinikezela ngombono kwimbali yamayeza akudala.
- Ithiyetha: Iholo yemidlalo yeqonga yasePergamo yayiyeyona holo inkulu nenomtsalane kwiGrisi yamandulo eyayinomthamo wababukeli abafikelela kwi-10.000. Yenye yeethiyetha ezigcinwe kakuhle zeGrisi yamandulo kwaye kufuneka ibonwe kuye nabani na onomdla kuyilo lwakudala kunye nenkcubeko.
- Itempile ka-Athena: Itempile ka-Athena ePergamo yayiliziko elibalulekileyo lenkolo elasekwa ngenkulungwane yesi-2 BC. yakhiwa. yakhiwa. Iyaziwa ngeentsika zayo ezibalaseleyo nobugcisa bayo obumangalisayo, isinika umbono woqheliselo lonqulo lwamandulo.
- Ijiminasi: Ijiminasi ePergamon yindawo ebalulekileyo yemfundo nemidlalo. Apha, abantwana kunye nolutsha bafunda izifundo zakudala ezifana nemathematika, ifilosofi kunye noncwadi.
Iingcebiso zotyelelo lwakho ePergamon
- Zinike ixesha elaneleyo: IPergamon inokuninzi ekufuneka uyifumene. Chitha ubuncinane isiqingatha sosuku okanye usuku olupheleleyo uhlola isixeko kunye nezikhumbuzo zaso zakudala.
- Nxiba iimpahla ezikhululekileyo kunye nezihlangu: Uninzi lwezinto ezinomtsalane ePergamon zingaphandle kwaye zifuna ukuhamba okuthile. Nxiba iimpahla nezihlangu ezikhululekileyo ukuze uzive ukhululekile kwaye uzithembile xa uhamba.
- Bhukisha ukhenketho olukhokelwayo: Ukhenketho olukhokelwayo lunokukunceda ufunde ngakumbi ngembali kunye nenkcubeko yasePergamon kwaye uqonde ngcono iindawo ezibonwayo. Zininzi izikhokelo zasekhaya ezinikezela ngokhenketho olukhokelwayo.
- Tyelela i-Archaeological Museum: I-Archaeological Museum yaseBergama igcina ingqokelela enkulu yobugcisa bamandulo kunye nezinto zakudala zasePergamo. Oku kuyimfuneko kuye nabani na onomdla kubugcisa bamandulo kunye nembali.
Ndingafika njani ePergamo?
Iindwendwe zinokufika ePergamon ngemoto okanye ngebhasi. Idolophu yaseBergama, apho ikhoyo iPergamon, ifikeleleka lula ngebhasi okanye ngololiwe, kwaye kukho inkonzo yebhasi eqhelekileyo eya ePergamon.
Iindwendwe ezifika ngemoto zinokukwenza oko kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya Izmir okanye uqashe imoto eBergama. Kukwakho neeteksi kunye needolmuses (iiteksi ekwabelwana ngazo ekuhlaleni) phakathi kweBergama nePergamon.
Imirhumo yokungena kunye neeyure zokuvula kwisixeko samandulo sasePergamon, eTürkiye
Iintlawulo zokungena kwizinto ezinomtsalane zasePergamon ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumtsalane. Ngokomzekelo, amatikiti ukuya kwiTheatre yaMandulo axabisa malunga ne-15 lire (i-Turkish lira), ngelixa amatikiti kwiMyuziyam yasePergamon axabisa malunga ne-40 lire. Kuyafaneleka ukujonga iwebhusayithi esemthethweni okanye idesika yolwazi lwasekuhlaleni ngamaxabiso angoku kunye nezaphulelo ezinokwenzeka ngaphambi kotyelelo lwakho.
Iiyure zokuvula zomtsalane ePergamon zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye nosuku lweveki. Ngokubanzi, izinto ezinomtsalane zivulwa ngoMvulo ukuya ngoMgqibelo ukusuka ngo-9:00 ukuya ku-17:00 ebusuku kwaye zivaliwe ngeCawa. Iiyure zokuvula zinokwahluka ngeeholide zikawonke-wonke okanye ngeziganeko ezikhethekileyo. Phambi kotyelelo lwakho, jonga iwebhusayithi esemthethweni okanye idesika yolwazi ekwisiza ngamaxesha okuvula kwangoku.
I-10 yemibuzo ehlala ibuzwa kunye neempendulo malunga nePergamon kwiSixeko saMandulo eTurkey: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi.
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Siphi isixeko samandulo sasePergamo?
Isixeko samandulo sasePergamon sikwiTurkey yanamhlanje, kwintshona yelizwe kufutshane nesixeko saseBergama.
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Ngubani owalawula iPergamo ngexesha layo?
IPergamon yafikelela ekubalulekeni kwayo okukhulu kwixesha layo lokukhula phantsi kolawulo lwentsapho yasebukhosini yaseAtalid.
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Yasekwa nini iPergamo?
Ukusekwa kwePergamo kubuyela emva kwinkulungwane yesi-3 BC. ngasemva.
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Sesiphi esona sakhiwo sidumileyo ePergamon?
Esona sakhiwo sidumileyo ePergamon yiTempile yaseAthena, indawo entle yokunqulela eyayinikelwe kuthixo wamaGrike uAthena.
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Bubuphi obona butyebi bubalulekileyo bezinto zakudala ePergamon?
Ubuncwane obuphambili bezinto zakudala ePergamo yiTempile yaseAthena, iGymnasium, iTheatre, iAcropolis kunye neZiggurat Terraces.
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Ungaya nini ePergamon?
IPergamon inokutyelelwa unyaka wonke. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhambe ngeenyanga ezipholileyo ukuze ufumane amava amnandi okubona indawo.
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Indlela yokuya ePergamon?
Uninzi lwabakhenkethi luya e-Izmir ngenqwelomoya kwaye emva koko baqhubeke besiya ePergamon ngebhasi okanye ngemoto eqeshiweyo. Kukwakho nonxibelelwano lukaloliwe kunye neebhasi olusuka kwezinye iindawo zaseTurkey.
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Zeziphi iingcebiso ezilungileyo zokutyelela ePergamon?
Iingcebiso eziphezulu zokutyelela iPergamon kukuvumela ixesha elaneleyo lokubona yonke into, ugqoke izicathulo ezikhululekile, wenze uphando kwangaphambili malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthutha, kwaye ubhukishe uhambo olukhokelwayo okanye isikhokelo sendawo ukuze wenze ukutyelela kwakho.
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Ngaba zikho ezinye izinto onokuzityelela kufutshane nePergamon?
Ewe, zininzi ezinye izinto ezinomtsalane kufutshane nePergamon ekufanele ukutyelelwa njenge-Efese yakudala, iHierapoli nemithombo yayo eshushu kunye neMileto yakudala enembali yayo njengenye yezona koloni zamaGrike zamandulo. Ukutyelela ezi ndawo kunika ithuba lokufunda ngakumbi ngembali kunye nenkcubeko yommandla.
Ngamafutshane, isixeko sakudala sasePergamon sibonelela abatyeleli umbono okhethekileyo kwimbali kunye nenkcubeko yeGrisi yakudala. Ngezakhiwo zayo ezintle ezinje ngeTempile yaseAthena kunye neColosseum, iimbono zayo ezinomtsalane kunye nobutyebi obuninzi bezinto zakudala, iPergamon imele ibonwe kuye nabani na onomdla kwimbali yakudala kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo. Indawo yokundwendwela engalibalekiyo.
Ngokuceba nokulungiselela kakuhle, ukutyelela ePergamon kunokuba ngamava angenakulibaleka. Cinga malunga nento ofuna ukuyibona, vumela ixesha elaneleyo lokubona kunye namava kuyo yonke into, kwaye uphando ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho ukuze uqinisekise ukuba unohambo olungcono kakhulu ePergamo.
