I-Pamukkale ne-Hierapolis: Izimangaliso zemvelo kanye nesayithi lasendulo eTurkey - 2024

Yini eyenza iPamukkale neHierapolis ikhetheke kangaka?

Pamukkale, okusho ukuthi "iCotton Castle" ngesi-Turkish, yaziwa ngamathafa ayo e-limestone amangalisayo adalwe iziphethu ezishisayo ezinothile ngamaminerali. Enyakaziswa emithambekeni yewa, lawa machibi emvelo akha indawo enjenge-surreal, efana nenganekwane eheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka. Ithala elimhlophe elikhanyayo ngokumelene namanzi aluhlaza liwumbukwane futhi liyithuba lesithombe elidumile, elihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ekushoneni kwelanga.

I-Hierapolis, etholakala ngenhla nje kwePamukkale, idolobha lasendulo lamaGreki namaRoma elaziwa ngamanxiwa alo, kuhlanganise nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini egcinwe kahle, i-necropolis namabhati asendulo. I-Hierapolis yake yaba isikhungo esibalulekile se-spa kanye nenkolo futhi manje isiyingxenye ye-UNESCO World Heritage Site, kanye ne-Pamukkale.

Umlando wePamukkale kanye neHierapolis

Umlando waseHierapholi uhlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesi-2 BC. emuva lapho idolobha lisebenza njengendawo yezempilo ngenxa yemithombo yalo eshisayo. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka bekuhlalwa amasiko ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amaGreki, amaRoma namaByzantines. Amanxiwa angabonakala namuhla ikakhulukazi avela enkathini yamaRoma neByzantine.

I-Pamukkale ngokwayo iyinto engokwemvelo eyakhiwe phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka ngokufakwa kwe-calcium carbonate evela eziphethwini ezishisayo. Amathafa ayaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi ayesetshenziswa njengezindawo zokugeza ngamaRoma.

Yini ongayithola ePamukkale naseHierapolis?

• Amabhavu ashisayo: Izwa ukubhukuda emanzini afudumele, anothile ngamaminerali emachibini emvelo e-Pamukkale.
• Amanxiwa asendulo: Hlola amanxiwa abanzi e-Hierapolis, okuhlanganisa nethiyetha, i-Martyrdom of Saint Philip, nezindawo zokugeza zasendulo.
• Imnyuziyamu: Vakashela i-Hierapolis Archaeology Museum, ehlala ezindaweni zokugeza zaseRoma futhi ebonisa iqoqo lezinto zobuciko ezivela esifundeni.
• I-Necropolis: Yazisa i-necropolis yasendulo yaseHierapolis enamathuna angaphezu kwenkulungwane.
• I-Paragliding: Kwabaqalayo, kunethuba lokuzwa i-Pamukkale emoyeni ngenkathi i-paragliding.

Izikhangibavakashi e-Pamukkale

I-Pamukkale, eyaziwa ngokuthi "iCotton Castle" eTurkey, iyisimangaliso semvelo esingavamile futhi iNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO. Le ndawo idume ngamathafa ayo e-limestone acwebezelayo, iziphethu ezishisayo nomlando ocebile. Ezinye izindawo ezinhle eziqashwayo zeholide e- Pamukkale

1. I-Travertine Terraces: Amathafa e-limestone amhlophe ayisakhiwo sodumo e-Pamukkale, adalwe ngamanzi ashisayo ane-calcareous, akha umbukwane wemvelo ohehayo. Izivakashi zingazulazula zingafake zicathulo emathafeni futhi zigeze emachibini afudumele, anothile ngamaminerali.
2. Idolobha lasendulo laseHierapolis: Ngenhla nje kwamathala e-travertine kunedolobha eliyincithakalo lase-Hierapolis, idolobha lasendulo lamaGreki namaRoma elaziwa nge-necropolis yalo egcinwe kahle, amathiyetha, amathempeli nezinye izindawo zokuvubukula.
3. I-Hierapolis Archaeological Museum: Itholakala ezindaweni zokugeza zedolobha lasendulo, imnyuziyamu ineqoqo lezinto zobuciko ezivela e-Hierapolis kanye nezinye izindawo esifundeni.
4. Ichibi likaCleopatra (Ichibi lasendulo): I-geothermal pool ezungezwe amanxiwa asendulo aseRoma, kukholakala ukuthi yake yaba yisipho kuCleopatra. Izivakashi zingabhukuda lapha futhi ziphumule phakathi kwamakholomu namatshe omlando.
5. I-Hierapolis Theatre: Enye yetiyetha yasendulo egcinwe kahle kakhulu eTurkey, ithiyetha inikeza indawo ekhangayo kanye nemibono emihle yezindawo zasemaphandleni ezizungezile.
6. I-Necropolis yaseHierapolis: Enye yamathuna amakhulu kakhulu asendulo, i-necropolis iqukethe izinhlobonhlobo ze-sarcophagi, izikhumbuzo zomngcwabo kanye nama-mausoleums avela ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
7. I-Pamukkale Natural Park: Ngaphandle kwama-travertines, ipaki yemvelo inikeza amanye amathuba okuqwala izintaba, izindawo ezinhle zezwe kanye nethuba lokubuka izitshalo nezilwane zesifunda.
8. U-St. Philippe Martyrdom: Izinsalela zesonto elinikezelwe kuMphostoli uFiliphu ziyindawo ebalulekile yohambo lobuKristu futhi zinikeza ukuqonda ngomlando wenkolo wendawo.
9. Amanzi Abomvu aseKarahayit: Eduze ne-Pamukkale kunemithombo yamanzi ashisayo e-Karahayit, eyaziwa ngezici zayo zokwelapha kanye nombala obomvu ohlukile obangelwa ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-iron oxide.
10. Lawodikeya: Amakhilomitha ambalwa nje ukusuka lapho kunamanxiwa edolobha lasendulo laseLaodikeia, enye indawo ebalulekile yemivubukulo enamanxiwa amaningi alondolozwe kahle nezinto zobuciko.

I-Pamukkale ayiyona nje indawo yobuhle bemvelo obuvelele, kodwa futhi iwubufakazi bomlando wesintu, kusukela empucukweni yasendulo kuya ezikhathini zanamuhla. Inikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezinto ezihehayo zemvelo nezomlando eziheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Izinto ongazenza e- Hierapolis

I-Hierapolis, idolobha lasendulo lamaGreki namaRoma eduze kwasePamukkale eTurkey, yaziwa ngamanxiwa alo kanye nezindawo zemivubukulo. Leli dolobha laliyisikhungo esibalulekile samasiko nenkolo, elaziwa ngeziphethu zalo ezishisayo. Nazi ezinye zezindawo ezikhangayo eziphezulu e-Hierapolis:

1. Ithiyetha: Ithiyetha yaseRoma egcinwe kahle yaseHierapolis ingamukela ababukeli ababalelwa ku-15.000. Ngesiteji sayo esihlaba umxhwele esingaphambili kanye nemigqa engumqansa yezihlalo, inikeza ukuqonda okuthakazelisayo ngesiko lokuzijabulisa lasendulo.
2. I-Necropolis: Elinye lamathuna asendulo amakhulu kunawo wonke, i-Hierapolis Necropolis iqukethe amathuna angaphezu kwenkulungwane, okuhlanganisa i-sarcophagi, amagumbi okungcwaba kanye nezikhumbuzo.
3. Ichibi lasendulo (Ichibi likaCleopatra): Ichibi le-geothermal elizungezwe amanxiwa namakholomu asendulo. Kukholakala ukuthi uCleopatra ngokwakhe wageza kula manzi okuphulukisa.
4. Frontinus Gate: Elinye lamasango amakhulu edolobha, eliqanjwe nge-consul yaseRoma uFrontinus. Amanxiwa anikeza umbono wobukhulu bangaphambili bezindonga namasango edolobha.
5. I-Domitian Gate: Elinye isango elimangalisayo elalisebenza njengomnyango wedolobha futhi laqanjwa ngombusi waseRoma uDomitian.
6. I-Plutonium: Eyaziwa njengendawo engcwele kaPluto, unkulunkulu wendawo engaphansi komhlaba. Liyithempeli elincane elakhiwe phezu kwegumbi legesi elibulalayo elalisetshenziswa abapristi basendulo ukukhombisa amandla abo.
7. Manje: Imakethe emaphakathi yaseHierapholi, ezungezwe izinsika namanxiwa ezitolo nezakhiwo zomphakathi.
8. Imigwaqo yekholomu: Imigwaqo eminingana yasendulo egcinwe kahle enemigqa yamakholomu eyake yaba imigwaqo emikhulu yedolobha.
9. Isango laseByzantine: Izinsalela zesango ledolobha lenkathi yaseByzantium, ekhombisa ukubaluleka okuqhubekayo kwedolobha kanye nokuhlaliswa kwazo ezikhathini zakamuva.
10. I-Hierapolis Archaeological Museum: Itholakala ezindaweni zokugeza zangaphambili zaseRoma, imnyuziyamu ibonisa izinto zobuciko ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala e-Hierapolis nasezifundeni ezizungezile.
11. U-St. Philippe Martyrdom: Isonto elinikezelwe kumphostoli uFiliphu, okuthiwa wabulawelwa ukholo lapha.

I-Hierapolis ingobo yomlando ecebile yomlando wasendulo namasiko ethutha izivakashi emhlabeni woMbuso WaseRoma nangale kwawo. Inhlanganisela yezindawo zemivubukulo, izikhumbuzo ezingcwele kanye nobuhle bemvelo kuyenza ibe indawo ongenakulibaleka.

Ukungena, izikhathi zokuvula, amathikithi nokuvakasha

Kunemali yokungena ye-Pamukkale ne-Hierapolis ehlanganisa ukufinyelela kuzo zombili izingosi. Amahora okuvula ayahluka kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka, futhi ukuvakasha okuqondisiwe kuvame ukunikezwa, okunikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngomlando nokubaluleka kweziza.

Izikhangibavakashi endaweni

Indawo ezungeze i-Hierapolis ne-Pamukkale inikeza ingcebo yezinto ezikhangayo kusukela emanxiweni asendulo kuya kwezimangaliso zemvelo. Nazi ezinye zezindawo eziphawuleka kakhulu nemisebenzi eseduze:

1. Izindawo zokuhlala ezengeziwe e-Pamukkale travertine: Eduze nje kwe-Hierapolis kunezindawo ezidumile ze-limestone ezimhlophe ze-Pamukkale, isimangaliso semvelo esidalwe emanzini ashisayo anothile ngamaminerali. Izivakashi zingahamba zingafake zicathulo emasimini futhi zibhukude emachibini emvelo.
2. Lawodikeya: Idolobha lasendulo eliqhele ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eHierapolis, elaziwa ngamanxiwa alo agcinwe kahle, kuhlanganise nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini enkulu, inkundla yezemidlalo namathempeli ahlukahlukene.
3. I-Aphrodisias: Elinye idolobha lasendulo eliqhele ngehora eliqhele ngebanga ukusuka eHierapholi, elidume ngeThempeli lalo lika-Aphrodite, inkundla yalo yaseshashalazini egcinwe kahle nenkundla, kanye ne-Aphrodisias Museum.
4. I-Denizli: Idolobha elikhulu eliseduze linikeza izimakethe zendawo, ama-mosque kanye ne-Denizli Atatürk Ethnography Museum, enikeza ukuqonda ngamasiko nomlando wendawo.
5. I-Karahayit: Iyaziwa ngeziphethu zayo zamanzi ashisayo abomvu, anombala ohlukile kunamasimu amhlophe asePamukkale. Umbala obomvu kungenxa yensimbi ephezulu emanzini.
6. Kaklık Cave: Umhume ofana namasimu asePamukkale, kodwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Umhume waziwa ngeziphethu ezishisayo kanye nesistimu yomhume ehlaba umxhwele.
7. I-Tavas Nikfer Village: Idolobhana elaziwa ngokhaphethi balo bendabuko kanye nokulukwa, indlela enhle yokuzwa impilo yasemaphandleni yase-Turkish kanye nobuciko bendabuko.
8. Amapaki emvelo nokuhamba izintaba: Lesi sifunda sicebile ngobuhle bemvelo futhi sinikeza amathuba amaningi okuqwala izintaba nokuhlola, okuhlanganisa ne-Honaz Berg National Park.
9. Amabhavu ashisayo nama-spas: Kunamathuba amaningi endaweni okuphumula ezindaweni zokugeza ezishisayo nasezipalini futhi ujabulele izindawo zokuphulukisa zamanzi anothile ngamaminerali.
10. Idolobha lasendulo laseTripoli ku-Meander: Enye indawo yasendulo eseduze, eyaziwa ngamanxiwa ayo agcinwe kahle kanye nomoya ongaminyene kakhulu.

Izindawo ezizungezile ze-Hierapolis ne-Pamukkale zicebile ngomlando, amasiko kanye nemvelo ezikhangayo, ezinikeza inhlobonhlobo yezintshisekelo nemisebenzi yezivakashi. Noma ngabe ufuna ukucwila empucukweni yasendulo, ukuzwa ubuhle bemvelo noma umane uphumule emanzini ashisayo, isifunda sinikeza ulwazi olucebile.

Ungafika kanjani ePamukkale naseHierapolis

I-Pamukkale itholakala ku isifundazwe Denizli eTurkey. Idolobha laseDenizli lingafinyelelwa ngebhasi, isitimela noma indiza esuka emadolobheni amakhulu aseTurkey. Ukusuka eDenizli kukhona ukuxhumana okujwayelekile kwamabhasi amancane (dolmuş) kuya ePamukkale.

Amathiphu okuvakashela e-Pamukkale nase-Hierapolis

• Gqoka izicathulo ezikhululekile lapho uhlola amanxiwa.
• Ungakhohlwa igiya lakho lokubhukuda uma ufuna ukugeza eziphethwini ezishisayo.
• Zivikele elangeni - lingashisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ehlobo.
• Hlonipha imvelo: faka kuphela amasimu ezindaweni ezivunyelwe ukuvikela ukwakheka okuthambile.

Isiphetho: Kungani ukuvakashela ePamukkale naseHierapolis kuwufanele?

I-Pamukkale ne-Hierapolis zinikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yobuhle bemvelo nokujula komlando. Amathala amhlophe amahle kanye nokucebile okutholwe ngemivubukulo kunikeza isipiliyoni esingasoze salibaleka. Yindawo emema ukuphumula, ukuhlola nokumangala, okwenza isikhumbuzo esibalulekile samandla emvelo kanye nokwehlukahlukana komlando womuntu. Ukuvakasha lapha akukushiyi nje kuphela ngezithombe ezimangalisayo, kodwa futhi nokwazisa okujulile ngezimangaliso zomhlaba.

ikheli: Pamukkale, 20190 Pamukkale/Denizli, Türkiye, Hierapolis, 20280 Pamukkale/Denizli, Türkiye