I-Göbekli Tepe: ukuqonda ngezikhathi zangaphambili zempucuko - 2024

Kungani kufanele uvakashele i-Göbekli Tepe?

I-Göbekli Tepe iyindawo ethokozisayo ecubungula izendlalelo ezijulile zomlando womuntu. Laziwa njengenye yezakhiwo zethempeli ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni, eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Anatolia, eTurkey. Le ndawo iheha abavubukuli kanye nezazi-mlando kuphela, kodwa futhi nabahambi abafuna ukuqonda okujulile ekuqaleni kwempucuko. I-Göbekli Tepe ishintsha umbono wethu ngomlando wesintu futhi inikeza uhambo olubuyela esikhathini esikude kakhulu ngaphambi kwempucuko eyaziwayo.

UGöbekli Tepe wayishintsha kanjani isayensi?

I-Göbekli Tepe isenzakalo semivubukulo esihlaba umxhwele izazi-mlando kanye nabavubukuli ngokufanayo. Umlando wale ndawo unothe futhi uxakile njengendilinga yetshe lesikhumbuzo.

Ukutholwa kanye nokumba kokuqala:

• Kutholwe ngeminyaka yawo-1960, ukumba kokuqala kwenziwa umvubukuli waseJalimane u-Klaus Schmidt ngawo-1990. UGöbekli Tepe uphonsele inselelo imibono mayelana nokuqala kwempucuko kanye nenguquko yeNeolithic.

Ukwakhiwa kanye nomsebenzi:

• Izakhiwo zase-Göbekli Tepe zifika okungenani kuma-9600 BC. BC, okwenza libe ngelinye lamathempeli amadala aziwayo emhlabeni. Iqukethe izindandatho eziningana zamakholomu amatshe amakhulu amise okwe-T ahlotshiswe ngemidwebo eyinkimbinkimbi yezilwane nezimpawu ezingabonakali.
• Umsebenzi oqondile we-Göbekli Tepe kuseyimfihlakalo. Ezinye izinkolelo-mbono zisikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyindawo yokubuthanela engokwenkolo noma yokuzijabulisa, mhlawumbe isikhungo semikhuba yamasiko noma ezolimo zakuqala.

Ukubaluleka kokutholwa:

• Ukutholakala kwe-Göbekli Tepe kuye kwabekela inselele umbono wokuthi izinhlaka zenkolo eziyinkimbinkimbi zavela ngemva kokuqala kokuhlala phansi nezolimo. Izikhumbuzo zakhiwa abantu abazingeli abaqoqa izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngaphambi kokuba isondo lisungulwe.
• Okutholiwe kunikeza ukukhanya okusha ezicini ezingokomoya nezenhlalo yabantu bangaphambi komlando futhi kusikisela ukuthi isifiso semisebenzi yenkolo yomphakathi kungenzeka kube yimbangela yokuthuthukisa impucuko yabantu.

Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo:

• Nakuba ingxenye enkulu ye-Göbekli Tepe isalokhu ingakahlolwa, ukumba okuqhubekayo nokucwaninga kuyaqhubeka nokunikeza imininingwane emisha ngokwakhiwa kwayo, abasebenzisi bayo namasiko abo.
• Minyaka yonke ososayensi bathola izinto zobuciko ezintsha, izakhiwo kanye nezimpawu ezisiza ukudalula izimfihlakalo zale ndawo ethokozisayo.

Isiphetho:

I-Göbekli Tepe isengenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvubukula emhlabeni, isayithi eliqhubeka nokuphakamisa imibuzo ngomlando womuntu, inkolo kanye nempilo yezenhlalakahle yemiphakathi yangaphambi komlando. Amakholomu alo nemifanekiso akuwona nje impumelelo ehlaba umxhwele yobuciko, kodwa futhi ubufakazi bezwe elidlule elaliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho ebesingakucabanga isikhathi eside.

Yini ongayithola e-Gobekli Tepe?

Izivakashi zingabuka izinsimu zekholomu ezinkulu nezingaqondakali ezihlotshiswe ngezithombe zezilwane nezingokomfanekiso. Ukuvakasha okuqondisiwe kwalesi siza sasendulo kukuvumela ukuthi uzwe ubuhle kanye nemfihlakalo yesintu sangaphambi komlando. Akukhona nje ukuhamba emanxiweni; kuwukuhamba ngesikhathi okuzokukhuthaza futhi kukuthobe. Indawo ezungezile iphinde inikeze ingemuva elimangalisayo elithuthukisa ngokwengeziwe umkhathi.

• Ukuhlola Amanxiwa: Zulazula phakathi kwezinsika ezinkulu ezimise okwe-T futhi ubabaze ukuxaka nobuhle bemidwebo.
• Iziqondiso: Thatha uhambo oluqondisiwe ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile ngomlando nokubaluleka kwesayithi.
• Isithombe: Thwebula izakhiwo ezimangalisayo nama-panorama ngekhamera. I-Göbekli Tepe iyiphupho lawo wonke umuntu othanda izithombe!
• Ukubuka kokushona kwelanga: Jabulela umbono omangalisayo wamatshe asendulo akhazimula ekukhanyeni kwelanga.

Izikhangibavakashi e-Gobekli Tepe

I-Göbekli Tepe iyathakazelisa ngempela. Yisizinda semivubukulo eTurkey esithathwa njengesinye sezakhiwo zethempeli ezindala kakhulu ezaziwayo emhlabeni. Nazi ezinye ezikhangayo nolwazi mayelana ne-Gobekli Tepe:

1. Imibuthano yetshe: Isici esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu se-Göbekli Tepe yiziyingi zamatshe ezinkulu ezakhiwe ngezinsika zamatshe ezimise okwe-T. Lezi zinsika zihlotshiswe ngezithombe ezinhle kakhulu zezilwane futhi zisikisela amasiko enkolo.
2. Shintsha: Le ndawo ineminyaka eyi-12.000 emangalisayo, okwenza ibe yindala kunemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe ne-Stonehenge eNgilandi.
3. Isakhiwo sethempeli: Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Göbekli Tepe yayiyindawo yokukhulekela okungokwenkolo nemisebenzi yamasiko. Kunobufakazi bokuthi abantu benza iminikelo futhi benza amasiko lapha.
4. I-UNESCO World Heritage Site: I-Göbekli Tepe imenyezelwe njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO ngo-2018, okwenza yaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemivubukulo emhlabeni.
5. Isikhungo Sezivakashi: Kunesikhungo sezivakashi esiseduze nesayithi esihlinzeka ngemibukiso enolwazi nezincazelo zomlando we-Göbekli Tepe.
6. ukuvakasha: Ungathatha ukuvakasha kwesayithi lemivubukulo futhi uhlole izinsalela ezimangalisayo zesikhathi esidlule. Qinisekisa ukuthi uletha izicathulo ezikhululekile namanzi njengoba kungase kufudumele lapho.
7. umlando: I-Göbekli Tepe yashintsha indlela esibheka ngayo ukuthuthukiswa kwempucuko yabantu. Le ndawo iphakamisa imibuzo eminingi futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kubavubukuli kanye nezazi-mlando.

Uma ungumthandi womlando namasiko, i-Göbekli Tepe ifanele ukuvakashelwa. Yindawo egcwele izimfihlo nomlando othakazelisayo!

Ukungena, izikhathi zokuvula, amathikithi nokuvakasha: Ungalutholaphi ulwazi?

I-Göbekli Tepe, enye yezindawo ezingaqondakali nezithakazelisa kakhulu zemivubukulo emhlabeni, iheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Lapha uzothola lonke ulwazi oludingayo ngokuvakasha kwakho:

1. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni:

• Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Göbekli Tepe noma uMnyango Wezamasiko Nezokuvakasha ofanelekile eTurkey inikeza ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezikhathi zokuvula kanye nezimali zokungena.

2. Izikhungo Zolwazi Lwezivakashi:

• E-Şanlıurfa nakwamanye amadolobha aseduze ungathola izikhungo zolwazi lwezivakashi ezizokunikeza ulwazi lwakamuva kanye namamephu ngokuvamile.

3. Izikhungo Zokuvakasha Zasendaweni:

• Ama-ejensi endawo eTurkey, ikakhulukazi endaweni yase-Şanlıurfa, avame ukuba nolwazi ngezikhathi zokuvakasha futhi angahlela nokuvakasha.

Amanye amathiphu ajwayelekile:

• Iziqondiso: Buza ngohambo oluqondisiwe olunganikezi kuphela ezokuthutha, kodwa nezincazelo ezinemininingwane kanye nemininingwane yomlando nokubaluleka kwesayithi.
• Izimali zokungena: Angase ashintshe kuye ngesizini. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola amanani amanje ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho.
• Ukuvula izikhathi: Zingahluka kuye ngesizini. Ehlobo, iziza zivame ukuvuleka isikhathi eside ukuze zisebenzise izikhathi ezipholile zasekuseni nakusihlwa.
• I-Vorbereitung: Qinisekisa ukuthi ugqoka izingubo ezifanele nezicathulo lapho uvakashela indawo ye-archaeological. Ukuvikela ilanga namanzi nakho kubalulekile.

Ekugcineni:

Umthombo ongcono kakhulu wemininingwane yakamuva nenemininingwane ihlale iyiwebhusayithi esemthethweni noma ihhovisi lendawo labavakashi. Hlela kusengaphambili ukuze ukusebenzise ngokugcwele ukuvakasha kwakho e-Göbekli Tepe, indawo ezokumangaza ngempela!

Izikhangibavakashi endaweni

Kukhona ezinye izindawo ezithakazelisayo nezindawo ongazivakashela e-Göbekli Tepe. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. I-Urfa (Şanlıurfa): Leli dolobha liseduze ne-Göbekli Tepe futhi laziwa nangokuthi "Idolobha Lomprofethi". Lapha ungavakashela i-Gölbaşı Park, enechibi elimangalisayo nezingadi. Kukhona nemakethe yase-Urfa lapho unganambitha khona izibiliboco zasendaweni futhi uthenge izinto eziyisikhumbuzo.
2. Harran: I-Harran idolobha lasendulo elaziwa ngezindlu zalo zodaka ezimise okwekhoni ezibizwa ngokuthi “izindlu zezinyosi”. Lezi zakhiwo eziyingqayizivele zineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ubudala futhi zingavakashelwa eduze ne-Urfa.
3. Balıklıgöl: Leli yichibi lezinhlanzi elingcwele e-Urfa elihlotshaniswa nezinganekwane nezindaba. Le ndawo yaziwa nangokuthi i-carp engcwele ehlala echibini futhi idla izivakashi.
4. I-Göbekli Tepe Nature Park: Uma ufuna ukuhlola indawo ezungezile yemvelo ezungeze i-Göbekli Tepe, i-Göbekli Tepe Nature Park inikeza indawo enhle enemizila yezintaba nezindawo zepikiniki.
5. I-Göbeklitepe Municipal Museum: Itholakala eduze nendawo yemivubukulo, le myuziyamu inikeza ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngomlando nokubaluleka kwe-Göbekli Tepe.
6. I-volcano yaseKaracadag: Uma unentshisekelo ku-geology, ungavakashela i-Karacadağ Volcano, eseduze ne-Urfa. Le ntaba-mlilo engasekho inikeza indawo ekhangayo nezindlela zokuhamba izintaba.
7. Ichibi lika-Abrahama: Lena indawo yomlando e-Urfa ehlotshaniswa noMprofethi u-Abraham ngokwesiko lamaSulumane. Le ndawo inomlando ocebile wenkolo futhi iyindawo yokuthandaza nokukhulekela.

Lezi zindawo ezibukwayo nezindawo ezizungeze i-Gobekli Tepe zinikeza okungeziwe okuthakazelisayo ekuvakasheni kwakho kusayithi lemivubukulo. Ungahlola umlando, isiko kanye nemvelo yalesi sifunda futhi ube nolwazi oluhlukahlukene.

Amathiphu okuhamba: Yini okufanele uyikhumbule?

1. Umshini ongenisa umoya: Lungiselela isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, ikakhulukazi ehlobo.
2. Izingubo: Gqoka izicathulo nezingubo ezinethezekile; indawo inkulu futhi ayilingani.
3. Amanzi nokudla okulula: Kukhona umthunzi omncane kanye nezinsiza ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke letha amanzi futhi mhlawumbe nokudla okulula.
4. Inhlonipho: Lesi yisiza esingcwele futhi esinomlando, ngakho ziphatha ngenhlonipho.

Ukufika e-Göbekli Tepe: Ufika kanjani ethempelini elidala kunawo wonke emhlabeni?

Isahluko esithakazelisayo emlandweni wesintu, i-Göbekli Tepe iseduze nedolobha lase-Şanlıurfa eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTurkey. Nakuba ukude kancane, ukufika lapho kuyingxenye ye-adventure futhi kuyenzeka kalula. Nawa amathiphu okuthi ungafika kanjani lapho:

1. Indiza eya e-Şanlıurfa noma e-Gaziantep:

• Izikhumulo zezindiza eziseduze yi-Şanlıurfa (approx. 45 km) kanye ne-Gaziantep (approx. 160 km). Ukusuka lapho ungaqhubeka nohambo lwakho ngebhasi noma ngetekisi.

2. Ukuxhunywa kwamabhasi:

• Kunezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile zamabhasi eziya e-Şanlıurfa ezivela emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu eTurkey. Ukusuka e-Şanlıurfa ungathatha ibhasi lendawo noma itekisi uye emanxiweni.

3. Ngemoto:

• Uma ufuna ukuguquguquka kakhudlwana, ungaqasha imoto futhi uzishayelele uye e-Göbekli Tepe. Imigwaqo ibhalwe kahle futhi idrayivu inikeza ukubukwa okuhle kwe-Anatolian landscape.

4. Ukuvakasha Okuhleliwe:

• Abaningi abasebenzisa izivakashi e-Şanlıurfa nasezindaweni ezizungezile banikeza uhambo losuku oluya e-Göbekli Tepe. Lokhu kuvame ukufaka ukuvakasha kwamanye amasayithi omlando futhi kuyindlela engenaso ingcindezi yokuhlola indawo.

Amathiphu ohambo olungenazinkinga:

• Ukuvuselela: Hlola izikhathi zokuhamba nokutholakala kusengaphambili, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ephansi.
• Qala kusenesikhathi: Kungashisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Qala kusenesikhathi ukuze usebenzise amahora apholile asekuseni.
• Letha amanzi: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyashayela noma ushayelwa, qiniseka ukuthi unamanzi anele njengoba kunezinsiza ezilinganiselwe esizeni.

Ngokulandela lawa macebiso, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi uhambo lwakho oluya e-Gobekli Tepe aluphephile nje kuphela kodwa futhi luyajabulisa. Lungiselela uhambo oluzokuyisa hhayi ngokwendawo kuphela kodwa futhi ngokwesikhashana nasezindaweni ezijulile zomlando wesintu. Pakisha izinto zakho futhi ulungele uhambo ongeke ulukhohlwe maduzane!

Isiphetho: Kungani i-Göbekli Tepe iyindawo ongasoze wayikhohlwa

I-Göbekli Tepe ingaphezu nje kwendawo; kuwukuhlangana neziqalo zomlando wethu. Lapha ungakwazi ukuzwa i-aura yezikhathi zakudala futhi uzibuze ukuthi okhokho bethu balakha kanjani leli tshe lesikhumbuzo elimangalisayo. I-Göbekli Tepe ayisona nje isitobhi ohambweni lwakho - iyindawo ezoshintsha umbono wakho ngesintu nomlando waso. Pakisha izikhwama zakho, ulethe ikhamera yakho nomoya wakho wokuthola futhi ulungele i-adventure ekujuleni kwempucuko yomuntu!

ikheli: Göbeklitepe, Örencik, 63290, 63050 Haliliye/Şanlıurfa, Türkiye