Amadabi anempembelelo aye axonxa imbali yoluntu aza asifundisa izifundo ezininzi ezixabisekileyo ngobukroti, ubugorha nexabiso loxolo. Enye imfazwe enjalo yayiyi-Battle of Gallipoli (Gelibolu) kwinto ngoku eyiTurkey ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Idabi laseGallipoli ngoku liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yaseTurkey kunye neendawo ezithandwayo zembali kunye nabafuna i-adventure.
Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yenzeke kwi-1915 njengenxalenye yokuhlaselwa okukhulu ukufumana ulawulo lweDardanelles kunye noLwandle oluMnyama. Phezu kwayo nje imigudu eManyeneyo yokuqalisa ukuhlasela ngequbuliso, ayizange iphumelele ukoyisa umkhosi waseTurkey yaye ekugqibeleni yanyanzeleka ukuba irhoxe. Eli dabi lathabatha phantse unyaka laza lasuba ubomi bamajoni angaphezu kwe-100.000 XNUMX macala omabini.
Namhlanje, iMfazwe yaseGallipoli isimboli soxolo kwaye isikhumbuza ngamaqhawe amaninzi anikela ubomi babo ekukhuseleni ilizwe labo. Kukho iindawo ezininzi zokutyelela eTurkey eziza kukunika ukuqonda okunzulu ngeziganeko kunye nefuthe ledabi. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinomtsalane:
- Isikhumbuzo: Isikhumbuzo se-Ataturk sikhumbuza inkokheli enkulu yaseTurkey uMustafa Kemal Ataturk owalwa kwiphulo laseGallipoli kwaye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ilizwe. Ikwimeko entle enemibono emangalisayo yolwandle.
- I-Anzac Cove: Indawo eyaziwayo yembali kunye nolwandle apho imikhosi ye-Anzac yahlala khona ngo-1915. ISikhumbuzo se-Anzac Cove sesinye sezikhumbuzo ezidumileyo kwi-peninsula kwaye sikhumbula amajoni ase-Anzac alwa apha. Ibekwe elunxwemeni apho ii-Anzacs zahlala khona ngo-1915.
- Çanakkale Isikhumbuzo seMartyrs (Çanakkale Şehittleri Anıtı): Isikhumbuzo esikhulu sokukhumbula amajoni aseTurkey asweleke kwidabi laseGallipoli. Isikhumbuzo saseCanakkale Martyrs sisikhumbuzo esikhulu esinikezelwe kumajoni aseTurkey afa kwidabi laseGallipoli. Ihlala kwinduli engaphezulu komsele waseDardanelles kwaye inika iimbono ezimangalisayo zamaphandle ajikelezileyo.
- Chunuk Bair Memorial: Isikhumbuzo sokukhumbula abantu baseNew Zealand ababesilwa apha. ISikhumbuzo saseChunuk Bair sesinye isikhumbuzo esibalulekileyo esikusingasiqithi, isikhumbuzo sabemi baseNew Zealand ababesilwa apha. Ibekwe phezu kwenduli eyayibaluleke kakhulu ngobuchule ngexesha lemfazwe.
- Amangcwaba eLone Pine: Amangcwaba eLone Pine yindawo yamangcwaba ahlala amajoni amaninzi aseOstreliya naseNew Zealand asweleke kwidabi laseGallipoli. Sisikhumbuzo esichukumisayo sezenzo zobugorha zala majoni kunye nendawo yokukhumbula nokucamngca.
- Imyuziyam yeMfazwe yaseCabatepe: Imyuziyam encinci enikezelwe kwimbali yeMfazwe yaseGallipoli.
- Amangcwaba aseLwandle: Amangcwaba apho amathambo amaninzi amajoni aseBritani afa kwiMfazwe yaseGallipoli angcwatywa.
- ISikhumbuzo saseHelles: Isikhumbuzo sokukhumbula amajoni aseBritani namaFrentshi alwayo apha.
- I-Sari Bair Range: Indawo yeqhinga, idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiMfazwe yaseGallipoli.
- Imyuziyam yeMbali yaseGallipoli: Enye yeemyuziyam ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-peninsula, iMyuziyam yeMbali yaseGallipoli inikezela ngombono obanzi wembali yephulo laseGallipoli. Igcina ingqokelela enkulu yamaxwebhu, iifoto, iimephu, kunye nezinto zakudala ezibonisa iziganeko zemfazwe.
- I-Canakkale Martyrdom Museum: Enye imyuziyamu ebalulekileyo kwi-peninsula, i-Canakkale Martyrdom Museum ichaza ibali lephulo laseGallipoli kunye nokuxhaphazwa kwamajoni aseTurkey. Igcina ingqokelela yezinto zakudala, amaxwebhu kunye neefoto ezibonisa umbono waseTurkey ngemfazwe.
- I-Anzac Cove Visitor Centre: I-Anzac Cove Visitor Centre iyimyuziyam encinci enikezelwe kwi-Anzac Beach, eyadlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha leMfazwe yaseGallipoli. Apha unokufunda malunga neziganeko ezenzeka apha, kunye nembali ye-Anzac Corps ngokubanzi.
- Amangcwaba ase-Ariburnu: Amangcwaba e-Ariburnu yindawo yamangcwaba emfazwe ekhumbula amajoni aseBritani naseFransi afa kwidabi laseGallipoli. Ifumaneka kufutshane neAnzac Cove, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yebali ledabi.
- I-Nek Cemetery: I-Nek Cemetery yindawo yamangcwaba encinci yemfazwe ekhumbuza amajoni ase-Australia afa kuhlaselo oludumileyo lwe-hussar ngexesha lephulo laseGallipoli.
Ezi sayithi zinika iindwendwe kwimbali yephulo laseGallipoli kwaye zivumela iindwendwe ukuba zikhumbule izenzo zamajoni alwa apha. Ukutyelela i-Peninsula yaseGallipoli ngamava ashukumisayo kunye nethuba elikhethekileyo lokufumana ingqiqo kwimbali kunye neziganeko zemfazwe zale mfazwe ebalulekileyo.
Idabi laseGallipoli
Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yayiyingxabano enkulu kwingingqi yaseDardanelles yaseTurkey ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Umkhosi ohlangeneyo waseBrithani, amaFrentshi kunye nama-Australia alwa noBukhosi base-Ottoman ukulawula iBosphorus kunye nokufikelela okuvulekileyo kuLwandle oluMnyama kunye neRashiya. Idabi laqhubeka ukususela ngowe-1915 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1916 laza laphela kuloyiso lwaseOttoman.
Abadlali beMfazwe yaseGallipoli
amaTurkey: Ngexesha lephulo laseGallipoli ngo-1915, amaTurkey ayengabakhuseli belizwe labo ngokuchasene nemikhosi e-Allied ehlaselayo kuquka iBritish, i-Australia kunye neNew Zealanders. Phantsi komyalelo kaNjengele uMustafa Kemal (kamva owabizwa ngokuba nguAtatürk), umkhosi waseTurkey walwa ngenkalipho nangobukroti ngokuchasene nezinto ezazinzima.
Ngaphandle kokwenzakala okukhulu, amaTurkey ekugqibeleni arhoxa ukuhlasela kwaye agcina ulawulo lwelizwe labo. Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yayiyixesha elibalulekileyo kwimbali yaseTurkey, ubungqina besibindi kunye nokuzimisela kwabakhuseli baseTurkey.
AmaTurks akhona kwi-peninsula yaseGallipoli ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwezikhumbuzo kunye nezikhumbuzo ezinikezelwe kumaqhawe abo awileyo kunye namaqhawe. Elinye lala matye ezikhumbuzo lilitye lesikhumbuzo laseTurkey, elikhumbula amajoni aseTurkey akhaliphileyo awawa edabini.
Rhoqo nge-18 kaMatshi, abantu baseTurkey babhiyozela uSuku loMkhosi waseTurkey ukuhlonipha amagorha abo emfazwe awileyo kwaye bavakalise umbulelo wabo ngokuzikhusela. I-Gallipoli Battle nayo yomeleza ingqiqo ye-Turks yobuzwe belizwe kunye nokuzingca kwaye iyingxenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yabo yembali.
- Germany: Kwicala laseJamani lengxabano, iJamani yayiyintsebenziswano ebalulekileyo yoBukhosi base-Ottoman. Iiyunithi ezininzi zaseJamani zazibandakanyeka kwiphulo laseGallipoli, kubandakanywa noMkhosi waseJamani okhusela iBosphorus kunye nempuma yeMeditera. Namhlanje ungandwendwela ezinye zeendawo kunye nezikhumbuzo kwicala laseJamani ukuze uqonde ngcono indima yeJamani kungquzulwano.
- British: IGreat Britain yayiyenye yamazwe aphambili abandakanyekayo kwiphulo laseGallipoli ngo-1915. Kanye kunye namahlakani, kubandakanywa ama-Australia kunye naseNew Zealand, bazama ukubamba i-Dardanelles kunye nokulawula i-straits ukunika amandla aseRashiya ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza empuma. Umkhosi waseBritani, owawukhokelwa nguNjengele Ian Hamilton, walwa ngobugorha kodwa woyiswa yimeko enzima yedabi kunye nabakhuseli baseTurkey. Phezu kwako nje oku, bahlala edabini de kwasekupheleni kwemfazwe, bebandezeleka kakhulu. AbaseBrithani babekho kwiPeninsula yaseGallipoli ngokusebenzisa izikhumbuzo kunye nezikhumbuzo ezinikezelwe kumajoni abo awileyo. Esinye sesikhumbuzo esinjalo yiLone Pine Cemetery, enikezelwe kumajoni aseBritani naseOstreliya awawa edabini. Yindawo ebalulekileyo yamaBritane kunye nenzala yabo enqwenela ukufunda imbali yookhokho babo.
- Winston Churchill, kamva uNdunankulu waseBrithani, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekucwangcisweni nasekuqhutyweni kwephulo laseGallipoli. NjengeNkosi yokuQala ye-Admiralty, uChurchill wayenoxanduva lokucwangcisa ngobuchule kunye nomyalelo weenqwelo ze-Allied ngexesha lengxabano. Nangona imfazwe yayibhekwa njengokutshatyalaliswa kwama-Allies, uChurchill akazange aphephe uxanduva lokucwangcisa kwakhe kwaye wathatha imiphumo yomsebenzi wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kamva kwisikhundla sakhe njengeNkulumbuso waba negalelo ekukhokeleni iBritane ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
- OwaseOstreliya: Abantu baseOstreliya babelelona lizwe liphambili kwiPhulo laseGallipoli ngowe-1915. Kanye kunye namahlakani, kuquka iBritish kunye neNew Zealanders, balwa nabakhuseli baseTurkey ukuba babambe i-Dardanelles kunye nokulawula i-straits. Imikhosi yase-Australia phantsi komyalelo kaGeneral William Birdwood yalwa ngesibindi kwaye yafumana ingozi enkulu kulo lonke ungquzulwano. Nangona kunjalo, bahlala edabini baza baba negalelo ekukhuseleni de kwasekupheleni kwemfazwe. Abantu baseOstreliya nabo banobukho kwiPeninsula yaseGallipoli ngokusebenzisa amatye ezikhumbuzo kunye nezikhumbuzo ezihlonipha ukuwa kwabo. I-Anzac Cove Cemetery sesinye sesikhumbuzo esinjalo, esinikezelwe kumajoni ase-Australia naseNew Zealand asweleke edabini. Yindawo ebalulekileyo kubantu base-Australia kunye nenzala yabo abafuna ukufunda imbali yookhokho babo. Nyaka ngamnye ngoSuku lwe-Anzac, ngo-Epreli 25, abantu base-Australia bakhumbula amaqhawe abo emfazwe awileyo kunye nothotho lwemibhiyozo kunye nemibhiyozo kwi-Peninsula yaseGallipoli nakwi-Australia yonke. Olu suku luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yase-Australia kunye nenkcubeko kunye nobungqina bobugorha kunye nombingelelo wama-Australia.
- Abantu baseNew Zealand: Njengabase-Australia, abantu baseNew Zealand babe ngabadlali abaphambili kwi-Gallipoli Campaign ye-1915. Balwa kunye namaqabane afana ne-Australia kunye neBrithani kunye nabakhuseli baseTurkey ukuba babambe i-Dardanelles kunye nokulawula i-Straits. Umkhosi waseNew Zealand, owawukhokelwa nguNjengele uAlexander Godley, walwa ngobugorha waza wangxwelerheka kanobom kulo lonke olo ngquzulwano. Nangona kunjalo, bahlala edabini baza baba negalelo ekukhuseleni de kwasekupheleni kwemfazwe. Abantu baseNew Zealand nabo banobukho kwiPeninsula yaseGallipoli ngezikhumbuzo kunye nezikhumbuzo ezihlonipha ukuwa kwabo. Esinye sezi zikhumbuzo yiChunuk Bair Memorial, enikezelwe kumajoni aseNew Zealand awawa edabini. Yindawo ebalulekileyo yabantu baseNew Zealand kunye nenzala yabo enqwenela ukufunda imbali yookhokho babo. Rhoqo nge-25 ka-Epreli, uSuku lwe-Anzac, abantu baseNew Zealand bakhumbula amagorha abo emfazwe awileyo ngothotho lwemibhiyozo kunye nemisitho kwiPeninsula yaseGallipoli nakwiNew Zealand. Olu suku luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yaseNew Zealand kunye nenkcubeko kunye nobungqina bobugorha kunye nokuzinikela kwabantu baseNew Zealand.
- AmaRashiya: AmaRashiya ayengabandakanyekanga ngokuthe ngqo kwiPhulo laseGallipoli le-1915, kodwa ayengamaqabane abalulekileyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I. IRashiya yazimanya neBritani, iFransi kunye nezinye izizwe zaseYurophu kwaye yasilwa naMazwe Amanyeneyo, kuquka iJamani kunye neAustria-Hungary. Nangona amaRashiya ayengabandakanyekanga ngokuthe ngqo kwiphulo laseGallipoli, ukulwa kwabo kwi-Eastern Front kwakunempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhliseni kwezinye iindawo, kuquka iGallipoli. Ngegalelo layo emfazweni, iRashiya yalwela inkululeko nokuzimela yaza yaba negalelo elibalulekileyo kuloyiso lwaMazwe Amanyeneyo. Namhlanje kukho izikhumbuzo ezininzi eRashiya zokukhumbula izenzo zobugorha kunye namadini ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Nyaka ngamnye ngoMeyi 9, uSuku Loloyiso, urhulumente waseRashiya nabantu bakhumbula abo babekhonza emfazweni.
Ngexesha lokhenketho lwakho, unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neChurchill kunye nendima yakhe kwiphulo laseGallipoli ngokundwendwela izikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikhumbuzo zokukhumbula impumelelo yakhe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhe. Oku kunokukunika ukuqonda okunzulu ngokubaluleka kwembali kaChurchill kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko.
Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yayiyingxabano kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kumacala omabini. Amaqabane aquka amaBritane, amaFrentshi kunye nama-Australia, ngelixa ama-Ottomans ayexhaswa ngamajoni aseTurkey kunye namahlakani aseJamani. Ngamnye kwaba badlali udlale indima eyodwa ekwalathiseni umlo kwaye waba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwisiphumo sawo.
Ngexesha lokhenketho, unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nabadlali abahlukeneyo ngokundwendwela izikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikhumbuzo, kwaye ufunde ngamabali kunye namava ejoni ngalinye. Oku kukunika ukuqonda okungaphezulu kwesikali kunye nobubanzi bongquzulwano kwaye kukunika imvakalelo yobugorha nokuzincama kwawo onke amajoni abandakanyekayo.
Xa usenza indlela yakho eya kwiSingasiqithi saseGallipoli, kukho izinto ezimbalwa omele uzigcine engqondweni ukwenza uhambo lube yinto ekhumbulekayo.
Nanga amanye amacebiso:
- Khetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela: Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela iPeninsula yaseGallipoli yintwasahlobo okanye ekwindla, xa imozulu imnandi kwaye i-landscape iyaqhakaza.
- Cwangcisa uhambo lwakho kwangethuba: Vumela ixesha elaneleyo lokubona zonke izinto ezibonwayo kwaye ucwangcise uhambo lwakho kwangethuba ukunqanda ukuphoxeka.
- Nxiba iimpahla ezikhululekileyo kunye nezihlangu njengoko ezinye zezinto ezinomtsalane kunokuba nzima ukufikelela kuzo.
- Funda malunga nembali kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene neMfazwe yaseGallipoli ngaphambi kokuba uqalise uhambo lwakho lokufumana ukuqonda okungcono.
- Ungalibali ukuzisa amanzi aneleyo kunye ne-sunscreen njengoko imozulu yaseTurkey inokutshisa kwaye yome.
- Ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke: Kukho iinkonzo zebhasi eziqhelekileyo ezivela Istanbul ukuya eCanakkale apho unokuthatha isikhephe ukuya eGallipoli.
- Bhukisha uKhenketho oluKhokelwayo: Ukhenketho olukhokelwayo lunokukunceda wenze uninzi lotyelelo lwakho kwaye ufunde ngakumbi ngembali kunye nokubaluleka kweMfazwe yaseGallipoli.
Ndifika njani eGallipoli?
Ukuba ufuna ukuphonononga imbali kunye nemibono yeMfazwe yaseGallipoli, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhamba ezikhoyo. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yimoto, njengoko ikunika inkululeko yokujonga izinto ezibonwayo ngesantya sakho. Unokubhukisha uhambo lwebhasi kunye neeteksi ukusuka eIstanbul.
Imirhumo yokungena kunye namaxesha okuvula eGallipoli, eTürkiye
Ukwamkelwa kwezona ndawo zinomtsalane kwiPeninsula yaseGallipoli kusimahla. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimeko apho kufuneka uhlawule imali yokungena, njenge B. iMyuziyam yeMfazwe yaseCabatepe.
Umtsalane we-Gallipoli Peninsula uvulwa ngokubanzi ukusuka kusasa ukuya ngokuhlwa, kodwa kungcono ukujonga amaxesha okuvula ngqo ngaphambi kokutyelela njengoko ezi zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye neemeko zemozulu.
Ukutyelela kwiPeninsula yaseGallipoli kufuneka kucwangciswe kakuhle ukuze ukwazi ukubona iindawo ezininzi ngexesha elilinganiselweyo. Ingcebiso elungileyo kukuqalisa kwangentseni kwaye uchithe usuku olupheleleyo ukonwabela izinto ezahlukeneyo ngaphambi kokuba ubuye ngokuhlwa.
I-10 yemibuzo ehlala ibuzwa kunye neempendulo malunga nedabi laseGallipoli eTurkey: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi.
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Yenzeka nini iMfazwe yaseGallipoli?
Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yenzeke phakathi kwe-25 ka-Aprili 1915 kunye ne-9 kaJanuwari 1916.
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Yenzeka phi iMfazwe yaseGallipoli?
Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yenzeke kwiPeninsula yaseGallipoli eTurkey yaseYurophu.
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Yayingoobani amaqela abandakanyekayo?
Amaqela abandakanyekayo yayingaMazwe Amanyeneyo, aquka amaBritane, amaFrentshi namaOstreliya, kunye namaOttoman, axhaswa ngamajoni aseTurkey namahlakani aseJamani.
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Kwakutheni ukuze kuliwe iMfazwe yaseGallipoli?
Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yalwelwa ukulawula iDardanelles kunye nokufikelela kuLwandle oluMnyama ukunceda ukungena kweRashiya emfazweni.
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Yayingubani uMthetheli-mahlakani?
Umphathi oManyeneyo yayinguNjengele Ian Hamilton.
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Yayingubani umthetheli wama-Ottomans?
Umphathi wama-Ottomans yayinguMustafa Kemal Atatürk.
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Waba yintoni umphumo welo dabi?
Isiphumo sedabi yaba kukoyiswa kwama-Allies kunye noloyiso lwama-Ottomans.
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Yayiyintoni intsingiselo yeDabi laseGallipoli eTurkey?
Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yayibaluleke kakhulu eTurkey njengoko ithathwa njengophawu lwesizwe lokunqoba ngokuchasene nama-Allies kunye nokugcinwa kokuzimela.
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Yayiyintoni intsingiselo yeMfazwe yaseGallipoli kwii-Allies?
Imfazwe yaseGallipoli yayinentsingiselo enzulu kwii-Allies njengoko ibangele ukoyiswa kwemikhosi kwaye ixabisa inani elikhulu lobomi bamajoni.
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Indlela yokuhlola iMfazwe yaseGallipoli?
Umntu unokuhlola iMfazwe yaseGallipoli ngokutyelela izikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikhumbuzo zokukhumbula ungquzulwano kunye nokutyelela emaphandleni okwakubalulekile kwingxabano.
Isishwankathelo, iPeninsula yaseGallipoli inika ithuba elikhethekileyo lokuhlola nokuqonda isahluko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yehlabathi. Ukusuka kwizikhumbuzo zembali kunye neemyuziyam ukuya kwindawo enomtsalane kunye neethiyetha ezibalulekileyo zemfazwe, usingasiqithi ubonelela ngamava okuhamba angalibalekiyo kuye nabani na onomdla kwimbali kunye nemfazwe.
