Izimpi ezinethonya zilolonge umlando wesintu futhi zasifundisa izifundo eziningi ezibalulekile mayelana nesibindi, isibindi kanye nenani lokuthula. Enye impi enjalo kwakuyiMpi yaseGallipoli (Gelibolu) endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iTurkey phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. I-Battle of Gallipoli manje isiyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando waseTurkey kanye nendawo edumile yezingqalabutho zomlando nabafuna i-adventure.
Impi yaseGallipoli yenzeka ngo-1915 njengengxenye yokuhlasela okukhulu ukuze kulawuleke iDardanelles kanye noLwandle Olumnyama. Naphezu kwemizamo yeZizwe Ezihlangene yokuhlasela kungazelelwe, ahluleka ukunqoba ibutho laseTurkey futhi ekugcineni aphoqeleka ukuba ahlehle. Le mpi yathatha cishe unyaka futhi yadlula nemiphefumulo yamasosha angaphezu kuka-100.000 XNUMX nhlangothi zombili.
Namuhla, iMpi yaseGallipoli iwuphawu lokuthula futhi isikhumbuza amaqhawe amaningi anikela ngokuphila kwawo evikela izwe lawo. Ziningi izindawo ongazivakashela eTurkey ezizokunikeza ukuqonda okujulile kwezehlakalo nomthelela wempi. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezikhangayo eziyinhloko:
- Isikhumbuzo: Isikhumbuzo se-Ataturk sikhumbula umholi omkhulu waseTurkey u-Mustafa Kemal Ataturk owalwa emkhankasweni waseGallipoli futhi wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuvikelweni kwezwe. Isendaweni ebukekayo enokubukwa okumangalisayo kolwandle.
- I-Anzac Cove: Indawo edumile yomlando kanye nolwandle lapho amasosha e-Anzac afika khona ngo-1915. ISikhumbuzo se-Anzac Cove singenye yezikhumbuzo ezidume kakhulu kule nhlonhlo futhi sikhumbula amasosha ase-Anzac alwa lapha. Itholakala ogwini lolwandle lapho ama-Anzacs afika khona ngo-1915.
- Çanakkale I-Martyrs Memorial (Çanakkale Şehittleri Anıtı): Itshe lesikhumbuzo elikhulu lokukhumbula amasosha aseTurkey afela eMpini yaseGallipoli. I-Canakkale Martyrs Monument iyisikhumbuzo esikhulu esinikezelwe kumasosha aseTurkey afela eMpini yaseGallipoli. Ihlala egqumeni ngenhla komsele wase-Dardanelles futhi inikeza ukubukwa okumangalisayo kwezindawo zasemaphandleni ezizungezile.
- Chunuk Bair Memorial: Isikhumbuzo sokukhumbula abantu baseNew Zealand abalwe lapha. ISikhumbuzo saseChunuk Bair singesinye isikhumbuzo esibalulekile kule nhlonhlo, sokukhumbula abantu baseNew Zealand abalwa lapha. Itholakala entabeni eyayibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sempi.
- I-Lone Pine Cemetery: I-Lone Pine Cemetery iyindawo yamathuna egcina izinsalela zamasosha amaningi ase-Australia nawaseNew Zealand ashona eMpini yaseGallipoli. Kuyisikhumbuzo esithinta inhliziyo sezenzo zobuqhawe zala masosha nendawo yokukhumbula nokuzindla.
- I-Cabatepe War Museum: Imnyuziyamu encane enikezelwe emlandweni weMpi yaseGallipoli.
- Amathuna Asogwini: Indawo yamathuna lapho kungcwatshwa khona izinsalela zamasosha amaningi aseBrithani afela eMpini yaseGallipoli.
- Helles Memorial: Isikhumbuzo sokukhumbula amasosha aseBrithani nawaseFrance alwa lapha.
- I-Sari Bair Range: Indawo enamasu, yadlala indima ebalulekile eMpini yaseGallipoli.
- I-Gallipoli History Museum: Enye yemnyuziyamu ebaluleke kakhulu enhlonhlweni, i-Gallipoli History Museum inikeza umbono ophelele womlando womkhankaso we-Gallipoli. Ineqoqo elikhulu lemibhalo, izithombe, amamephu, nezinto zobuciko ezibonisa izehlakalo zempi.
- I-Canakkale Martyrdom Museum: Enye imnyuziyamu ebalulekile enhlonhlweni, i-Canakkale Martyrdom Museum ixoxa indaba yomkhankaso waseGallipoli kanye nokuxhashazwa kwamasosha aseTurkey. Iqukethe iqoqo lezinto zobuciko, imibhalo nezithombe ezibonisa umbono waseTurkey ngempi.
- I-Anzac Cove Visitor Centre: I-Anzac Cove Visitor Centre iyimyuziyamu encane enikezelwe e-Anzac Beach, eyadlala indima ebalulekile phakathi neMpi yaseGallipoli. Lapha ungafunda ngemicimbi eyenzeka lapha, kanye nomlando we-Anzac Corps uwonke.
- Amathuna ase-Ariburnu: Amathuna e-Ariburnu yindawo yamathuna empi ekhumbula amasosha aseBrithani nawaseFrance afela eMpini yaseGallipoli. Itholakala eduze ne-Anzac Cove, iyingxenye ebalulekile yendaba yempi.
- I-Nek Cemetery: I-Nek Cemetery iyindawo yamathuna amancane okukhumbula amasosha ase-Australia ashona ekuhlaselweni okudumile kwe-hussar phakathi nomkhankaso waseGallipoli.
Lezi zingosi zinikeza izivakashi amazwibela omlando womkhankaso waseGallipoli futhi zivumela izivakashi ukuthi zikhumbule izenzo zamasosha alwe lapha. Ukuvakashela iNhlonhlo yaseGallipoli kuyisipiliyoni esishukumisayo kanye nethuba eliyingqayizivele lokuthola ukuqonda ngomlando nezenzakalo zesikhathi sempi zale mpi ebalulekile.
Impi yaseGallipoli
Impi yaseGallipoli yayiyingxabano enkulu esifundeni saseDardanelles eTurkey phakathi neMpi Yezwe I. Ibutho elihlangene lamaBrithani, amaFulentshi nama-Australia alwa noMbuso Wase-Ottoman ukuze alawule i-Bosphorus futhi avuleke ukufinyelela oLwandle Olumnyama naseRussia. Impi yaqala ngo-1915 kuya ku-1916 futhi yaphela ekunqobeni kwe-Ottoman.
Abadlali beMpi yaseGallipoli
amaTurkey: Ngesikhathi somkhankaso we-Gallipoli ngo-1915, amaTurkey ayengabavikeli bezwe labo ngokumelene namabutho ahlangene ahlanganisa amaBrithani, ama-Australia naseNew Zealand. Ngaphansi komyalo kaJenene Mustafa Kemal (kamuva owaziwa ngokuthi u-Atatürk), ibutho laseTurkey lalwa ngesibindi nangobuqhawe ngokumelene nezingqinamba ezinkulu.
Naphezu kwezingozi ezinkulu, abaseTurkey bagcina behoxile ukuhlasela futhi baqhubeka nokulawula izwe labo. Impi yaseGallipoli yayiyisikhathi esibalulekile emlandweni waseTurkey, ubufakazi besibindi nokuzimisela kwabavikeli baseTurkey.
AbaseTurkey nabo bakhona enhlonhlweni yaseGallipoli ngochungechunge lwezikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo ezinikezelwe kumaqhawe namaqhawe abo awile. Enye yalezi zikhumbuzo yisikhumbuzo saseTurkey, esikhumbula amasosha aseTurkey anesibindi awa empini.
Njalo ngonyaka ngoMashi 18, abantu baseTurkey bagubha uSuku Lwezempi YaseTurkey ukuhlonipha amaqhawe abo empi awile futhi babonise ukubonga ngokuzivikela kwabo. I-Gallipoli Battle iphinde yaqinisa umuzwa wamaTurkey wobuzwe nokuziqhenya futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko labo lomlando.
- Germany: Ngasohlangothini lwaseJalimane lwengxabano, iJalimane yayingumfelandawonye oyinhloko woMbuso Wase-Ottoman. Amayunithi amaningana aseJalimane ayehileleke emkhankasweni waseGallipoli, kuhlanganise ne-German Navy evikela i-Bosphorus nasempumalanga yeMedithera. Namuhla ungavakashela ezinye zezingosi nezikhumbuzo ngasohlangothini lwaseJalimane ukuze uqonde kangcono indima yaseJalimane kungxabano.
- British: IGreat Britain yayingelinye lamazwe aphambili abambe iqhaza emkhankasweni waseGallipoli ngo-1915. Kanye nabalingani, kuhlanganise nama-Australia naseNew Zealand, bazama ukubamba i-Dardanelles futhi balawule ama-straits ukuze banikeze amabutho aseRussia ukufinyelela ngokushesha empumalanga. Ibutho lamaNgisi, elaliholwa nguJenene Ian Hamilton, lalwa ngobuqhawe kodwa lanqotshwa izimo ezinzima zasenkundleni yempi kanye nabavikeli baseTurkey. Naphezu kwalokhu, bahlala enkundleni yempi kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi, behlupheka kakhulu. AbaseBrithani babekhona naseNhlonhlweni yaseGallipoli ngokusebenzisa izikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo ezinikezelwe kumasosha abo awile. Esinye sesikhumbuzo esinjalo iLone Pine Cemetery, enikezelwe kumasosha aseBrithani nawase-Australia awela empini. Kuyindawo ebalulekile yamaBritons kanye nenzalo yabo efisa ukufunda umlando wokhokho babo.
- Winston Churchill, kamuva uNdunankulu waseBrithani, wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhleleni nasekufezeni umkhankaso waseGallipoli. NjengeNkosi Yokuqala Ye-Admiralty, uChurchill wayebhekele ukuhlela amasu kanye nomyalo wemikhumbi ye-Allied ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana. Nakuba le mpi yayibhekwa njengokunqotshwa kwama-Allies, uChurchill akazange abaleke umthwalo wokuhlela futhi wathatha imiphumela yomsebenzi wakhe. Noma kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esikhundleni sakhe njengoNdunankulu waba nesandla ekuholeni iBrithani ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili.
- Owase-Australia: Abantu base-Australia babeyisizwe esikhulu esibambe iqhaza kuMkhankaso waseGallipoli ngo-1915. Kanye nabalingani, kuhlanganise nabaseBrithani naseNew Zealand, balwa nabavikeli baseTurkey ukuze babambe i-Dardanelles futhi balawule ama-straits. Amasosha ase-Australia ngaphansi komyalo kaGeneral William Birdwood alwa ngesibindi futhi athola ukulimala okukhulu kuyo yonke le ngxabano. Noma kunjalo, bahlala enkundleni yempi futhi baba nesandla ekuvikelweni kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi. Abantu base-Australia nabo baba khona eNhlonhlweni yaseGallipoli ngokusebenzisa izikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo ezihlonipha abawayo. I-Anzac Cove Cemetery ingesinye sesikhumbuzo esinjalo, esinikezelwe kumasosha ase-Australia nawaseNew Zealand afela empini. Kuyindawo ebalulekile kubantu base-Australia kanye nenzalo yabo abafuna ukufunda umlando wokhokho babo. Njalo ngonyaka ngoSuku lwe-Anzac, ngo-April 25, abantu base-Australia bakhumbula amaqhawe abo empi awile ngochungechunge lwemigubho nemikhosi eNhlonhlweni yase-Gallipoli nakuyo yonke i-Australia. Lolu suku luyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando namasiko ase-Australia kanye nobufakazi bobuqhawe nokuzidela kwabantu base-Australia.
- AbaseNew Zealand: Njengabase-Australia, i-New Zealanders yayingabadlali ababalulekile ku-Gallipoli Campaign ka-1915. Balwa ngokubambisana njengama-Australia kanye namaBrithani kanye nabavikeli baseTurkey ukuze babambe i-Dardanelles futhi balawule i-Straits. Ibutho laseNew Zealand, elaliholwa uJenene Alexander Godley, lalwa ngesibindi futhi lalimala kanzima phakathi nayo yonke le mpi. Noma kunjalo, bahlala enkundleni yempi futhi baba nesandla ekuvikelweni kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi. Abantu baseNew Zealand nabo baba khona eNhlonhlweni yaseGallipoli ngezikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo zokuhlonipha abawile. Esinye salezi zikhumbuzo yiChunuk Bair Memorial, esinikezelwe amasosha aseNew Zealand awa empini. Kuyindawo ebalulekile yabantu baseNew Zealand kanye nenzalo yabo abafisa ukufunda umlando wokhokho babo. Minyaka yonke ngo-Ephreli 25, uSuku lwe-Anzac, abantu baseNew Zealand bakhumbula amaqhawe abo empi awile ngochungechunge lwemigubho nemikhosi eNhlonhlweni yase-Gallipoli naseNew Zealand yonkana. Lolu suku luyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando namasiko aseNew Zealand kanye nobufakazi bobuqhawe nokuzidela kwabantu baseNew Zealand.
- AmaRashiya: AmaRussia awazange ahileleke ngokuqondile eMkhankasweni waseGallipoli ka-1915, kodwa ayengabambisene ababalulekile eMpini Yezwe I. IRussia icheme neBrithani, iFrance namanye amazwe ase-Europe futhi yalwa nama-Allies, okuhlanganisa iJalimane ne-Austria-Hungary. Nakuba amaRussia ayengahileleki ngokuqondile emkhankasweni waseGallipoli, ukulwa kwawo eMpumalanga Front kwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kweminye imikhakha, kuhlanganise neGallipoli. Ngeqhaza layo empini, iRussia yalwela inkululeko nokuzimela futhi yaba neqhaza elibalulekile ekunqobeni kweZizwe Ezihlangene. Namuhla kunenqwaba yezikhumbuzo eRussia zokukhumbula izenzo zobuqhawe nokuzidela phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Njalo ngonyaka ngo-May 9, uSuku Lokunqoba, uhulumeni waseRussia nabantu bakhumbula labo ababekhonza empini.
Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana noChurchill neqhaza lakhe emkhankasweni waseGallipoli ngokuvakashela amatshe ezikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo zokukhumbula izimpumelelo nemisebenzi yakhe. Lokhu kungakunikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngokubaluleka komlando kaChurchill nomsebenzi wakhe wezepolitiki.
I-Battle of Gallipoli yayiyingxabano nabahlanganyeli abaningi ezinhlangothini zombili. Ama-Allies ahlanganisa amaBrithani, amaFulentshi nama-Australia, kuyilapho ama-Ottoman ayesekelwa amasosha aseTurkey nabalingani baseJalimane. Ngamunye walaba badlali udlale indima ehlukile ekuqondiseni impi futhi waba nomthelela omkhulu emphumeleni wayo.
Phakathi nohambo, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nabalingisi abehlukene ngokuvakashela izikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo ezahlukene, futhi ufunde mayelana nezindaba zomuntu siqu zesosha kanye nolwazi. Lokhu kukunikeza ukuqonda okukhulu kwesikali kanye nobubanzi bokungqubuzana futhi kukunikeza umuzwa wesibindi nokuzidela kwawo wonke amasosha ahililekile.
Lapho uya eNhlonhlweni yaseGallipoli, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule ukuze wenze uhambo lube olukhumbulekayo.
Nawa amanye amathiphu:
- Khetha isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvakashela: Isikhathi esihle sokuvakashela iNhlonhlo yaseGallipoli yintwasahlobo noma ekwindla, lapho isimo sezulu simnandi futhi indawo iqhakaza.
- Hlela uhambo lwakho kusenesikhathi: Vumela isikhathi esanele sokubona zonke izindawo futhi uhlele uhambo lwakho kusenesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukudumazeka.
- Gqoka izingubo nezicathulo ezinethezekile njengoba ezinye zezinto ezikhangayo kungase kube nzima ukufinyelela kuzo.
- Funda ngomlando nemicimbi ehlotshaniswa ne-Battle of Gallipoli ngaphambi kokuthi uqale uhambo lwakho ukuze uyiqonde kangcono.
- Ungakhohlwa ukuletha amanzi anele kanye nokuvikela ilanga njengoba isimo sezulu saseTurkey singashisa futhi some.
- Ngezithuthi zomphakathi: Kunezinkonzo zamabhasi ezijwayelekile ezivela Istanbul ukuya eCanakkale lapho ungathatha khona isikebhe esiya eGallipoli.
- Bhukha Ukuvakasha Okuqondisiwe: Ukuvakasha okuqondisiwe kungakusiza wenze okuhle ngokuvakasha kwakho futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomlando nokubaluleka kwe-Battle of Gallipoli.
Ngifika kanjani eGallipoli?
Uma ufuna ukuhlola umlando kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-Battle of Gallipoli, kunezinketho zokuthutha ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu ngemoto, njengoba ikunikeza inkululeko yokuhlola okubonwayo ngejubane lakho. Ungakwazi futhi ukubhuka uhambo lwebhasi nolwetekisi olusuka e-Istanbul.
Izimali zokungena nezikhathi zokuvula zaseGallipoli, Türkiye
Kungenwa mahhala ezindaweni eziningi ezikhangayo eNhlonhlweni yaseGallipoli. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuhlukile lapho kufanele ukhokhe imali yokungena, njenge B. I-Cabatepe War Museum.
Izindawo ezikhangayo zeNhlonhlo yaseGallipoli zivame ukuvulwa kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa, kodwa kungcono ukuhlola izikhathi zokuvula eziqondile ngaphambi kokuvakasha njengoba lezi zingahluka kuye ngesikhathi sonyaka nezimo zezulu.
Ukuvakashela eNhlonhlweni yaseGallipoli kudinga ukuhlelwa kahle ukuze ukwazi ukubona izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esilinganiselwe. Ithiphu elihle ukuqala ekuseni kakhulu futhi uchithe usuku olugcwele ujabulela izinto ezihlukile ngaphambi kokubuya kusihlwa.
Imibuzo eyi-10 evame ukubuzwa nezimpendulo mayelana nempi yaseGallipoli eTurkey: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi
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Yenzeka nini iMpi yaseGallipoli?
Impi yaseGallipoli yenzeka phakathi kuka-Ephreli 25, 1915 noJanuwari 9, 1916.
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Yenzeka kuphi iMpi yaseGallipoli?
Impi yaseGallipoli yenzeke eNhlonhlweni yaseGallipoli eTurkey yaseYurophu.
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Obani ababehililekile?
Amaqembu ayehililekile kwakungaMadlelandawonye, ahlanganisa amaNgisi, amaFulentshi nama-Australia, kanye nama-Ottoman, esekelwa amasosha aseTurkey namadlelandawonye aseJalimane.
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Kungani kwalwelwa iMpi yaseGallipoli?
I-Battle of Gallipoli yalwelwa ukulawula i-Dardanelles futhi ithole ukufinyelela oLwandle Olumnyama ukuze kusizwe iRussia ingene empini.
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Wayengubani u-Allied Commander?
Umkhuzi wama-Allied kwakunguJenene u-Ian Hamilton.
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Wayengubani umkhuzi wama-Ottomans?
Umkhuzi wama-Ottoman kwakunguMustafa Kemal Atatürk.
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Waba yini umphumela wempi?
Umphumela wempi kwaba ukunqotshwa kwama-Allies kanye nokunqoba kwama-Ottomans.
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Yayiyini ukubaluleka kweMpi yaseGallipoli eTurkey?
Impi yaseGallipoli yayibaluleke kakhulu eTurkey njengoba ithathwa njengophawu lukazwelonke lokunqoba ngokumelene nama-Allies kanye nokulondolozwa kokuzimela.
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Yayiyini ukubaluleka kweMpi yaseGallipoli kuma-Allies?
I-Battle of Gallipoli yayinencazelo ejulile kuma-Allies njengoba yaholela ekunqotshweni kwamabutho futhi yabiza inani elikhulu lezimpilo zamasosha.
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Ungayihlola kanjani iMpi yaseGallipoli?
Umuntu angahlola iMpi yaseGallipoli ngokuvakashela izikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo ezihlukahlukene zokukhumbula ukungqubuzana nokuvakashela emaphandleni okwakubalulekile ekungqubuzaneni.
Kafushane, i-Peninsula yaseGallipoli inikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuhlola nokuqonda isahluko esibalulekile emlandweni womhlaba. Kusukela ezikhumbuzo zomlando namamnyuziyamu kuya endaweni ebabazekayo nezinkundla zemidlalo ezibalulekile zempi, inhlonhlo inikeza okuhlangenwe nakho kokuvakasha okungalibaleki kunoma ubani onentshisekelo emlandweni nasezimpini.
