Izakhiwo Zomlando Umhlahlandlela for Turkey

IPhellos yidolobha lasendulo elisenkabeni yeLycia, manje eliseduzane ne-Çukurbağ esifundazweni saseTurkey i-Antalya. Amanxiwa edolobha lasendulo iPhellos atholakala edolobhaneni laseFellen-Yayla, cishe amamitha angama-950 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeKaş (Antiphellos), ukusuka endaweni yase-Ağullu eDemre ukuya e-Çukurbağ - Kas ukufinyelela umgwaqo omkhulu. IPhellos yidolobha lasendulo eTurkey elinomlando wamakhulu eminyaka. Ngomlando wayo othakazelisayo nezinto eziningi ezikhangayo, i-Phellos kufanele ibonwe kunoma ubani onentshisekelo yomlando waseTurkey nempucuko yayo yasendulo. Kulo mhlahlandlela wokuhamba...

IHierapolis kwakuyidolobha lasendulo lamaGreki esifundeni saseFrigiya e-Asia Minor (iTurkey yanamuhla, emagqumeni angaphezu kwePamukkale) emfuleni waseFrigian womgwaqo iHermos osuka eSardesi uya e-Apamea onqenqemeni lwesiGodi saseLycastle. Uyemukelwa e-Hierapolis, elinye lamadolobha asendulo aheha kakhulu eTurkey. Lapha uzothola umlando ocebile, amanxiwa ahlaba umxhwele kanye nezindawo ezimangalisayo. Kulo mhlahlandlela wokuvakasha sikutshela umlando wedolobha, sikwethulela izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi sikunikeza amathiphu endlela engcono kakhulu yokufika lapho. Umlando weHierapolis Idolobha lasendulo laseHierapholi, elaziwa nangokuthi “iDolobha Elingcwele,” lasungulwa ngekhulu lesi-2 BC. Kwakhiwe. E-Frigian...

IMilethu (iMiletos), eyaziwa nangokuthi iPalatia (iNkathi Ephakathi) neBalat (Izikhathi Zanamuhla), kwakuyidolobha lasendulo elisogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Asia Minor endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iTurkey. Uhambo lwaseTurkey lunikeza ithuba lokuhlola ezinye zezindawo zasendulo eziphawuleka kakhulu emhlabeni. Elinye lalawa idolobha lasendulo laseMilethu, elake laba idolobha elibalulekile lokuhweba futhi manje eliyindawo ethandwayo yabathandi bomlando namasiko. Umlando weMilethu Idolobha lasendulo laseMilethu lasungulwa ngekhulu lesi-7 BC. Yasungulwa ngekhulu lokuqala BC, bekungelinye lamadolobha okuhweba abaluleke kakhulu e-Asia Minor. Leli dolobha laliyisikhungo esibalulekile sezentengiselwano namasiko, esibonakala emathempelini alo amaningi, amathiyetha kanye nezindawo zokugeza. UMilethu naye waye...

IPergamoni kwakuyidolobha lasendulo lamaGreki eduze nogu olusentshonalanga ye-Asia Minor eTurkey yanamuhla, cishe amakhilomitha angu-80 enyakatho yeSmirna (i-Izmir yanamuhla). Itholakala esifundazweni saseBergama, iPergamoni, eyake yaba idolobha lasendulo endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iTurkey, iyindawo eyingqayizivele egcwele umlando namasiko. Lake laba isikhungo esibalulekile samasiko amaGreki neRoma, leli dolobha lasendulo linikeza izivakashi izinto ezikhangayo ezihlukahlukene ukuze zizihlole. Umlando wePergamon Pergamoni wasungulwa ngekhulu lesi-3 BC. Yasungulwa ngekhulu lokuqala BC futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yathuthukiswa yaba enye yezikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Hellenism. Yaziwa ngemitapo yolwazi ebalulekile, amathiyetha namathempeli,...

Zitholele uhambo losuku oluhle kakhulu olusuka e-Kusadasi. Funda mayelana nezindawo ezikhangayo nemisebenzi edume kakhulu kule ndawo, okuhlanganisa i-Efesu, iPriene, iMilethu, iDidyma, iPamukkale nePergamu. Ezinye izincomo zohambo lwansuku zonke olusuka e-Kusadasi yilezi: I-Efesu: Elinye lamadolobha asendulo agcinwe kahle kakhulu emhlabeni, elitholakala cishe amakhilomitha angu-15 ukusuka eKusadasi. Lapha ungabona amanxiwa ahlaba umxhwele aleli dolobha, kuhlanganise noMtapo Wezincwadi waseCelsus, iSango likaHadrian kanye nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. I-Priene, iMilethu, i-Didyma: Le mizi emithathu yasendulo iseduze ne-Efesu futhi ikufanele ukuvakashelwa. I-Priene yayingelinye lamadolobha amadala amaGreki, iMilethu kwakuyidolobha eliyitheku elibalulekile e...